Fig. 7.

Infracardiac total anomalous pulmonary venous connection after repair with a surgical connection between retrocardiac collector and left atrium, but without ligation of the vertical vein, in a 4-year-old boy. a The abnormal anatomy and flow can easily be appreciated by the coronal 4-D flow velocity map depicting the collector (C) and the vertical vein (arrow) going down to the liver (posterior view). b, c Coronal 4-D flow-based pathline tracking with quantitative assessment reveals that about one-third of the pulmonary venous blood drains into the portal venous system, mainly from the lower lobes (blue and green). APVC atrial pulmonary venous connection, LLPV left lower pulmonary vein, LUPV left upper pulmonary vein, RLPV right lower pulmonary vein, RUPV right upper pulmonary vein