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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: Hypertension. 2021 May 10;78(2):499–511. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.16895

Figure 4. Acute ex vivo incubation with TMAO increases intrinsic mechanical stiffness via crosslinking of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) and reactive oxygen species.

Figure 4.

A-C) Elastic modulus of the high-force collagen-dominant region of the stress-strain curve (i.e., intrinsic mechanical stiffness) in multiple segments of thoracic aorta from the same young mice incubated for 72 h in control media (Vehicle) or media supplemented with 30 μM TMAO (A; N=18), with or without the addition of either the AGEs crosslink inhibitor alagebrium (B; N=5) or the superoxide dismutase mimetic TEMPOL (C; N=5). D) Abundance of AGEs in aorta rings from 4 additional young mice following 72 h incubation in control media (Vehicle) or media supplemented with 30 μM TMAO ± the superoxide dismutase mimetic TEMPOL. Data are mean ± S.E.M. *p≤0.05 vs. Vehicle (media only). †p<0.05 vs. TMAO (media only).