Global stimulation of POA neurons decreases body temperature and increases physical activity. a) Schematic of virus injection (top left) and optic fiber placement (bottom left). b,c) ChR2-EYFP expression in the MnPO of a BRS3-Cre;Ai14 mouse, with detail showing absence of ChR2-mCherry (magenta) expression in BRS3 (green) neurons. Dotted line indicates fiber placement. Scale bar: b) 200 μm, c) 40 μm. d) Tb and physical activity response to 20 minute laser stimulation (blue interval; 3s on 1s off; 20 Hz; 10 ms pulses). POABRS3::mCherry (black, n=4), POABRS3::ChR2 (red, n=8); POAAll::ChR2 (magenta, n = 5), POAnonBRS3::ChR2 (blue, n = 6). Data are average of 5 epochs/mouse, relative to epoch baseline (−20 to −1 min); mean + s.e.m. Quantitation in right panels (intervals: Off, −10 to −1 min; On, 10 to 19 min for Tb and 0 to 9 min for physical activity; bars, means; gray lines, individual animals; P values from paired t test, Off vs On).