Table 1.

Estimated annualized changes in systolic blood pressure (mmHg) by tertiles of urinary heavy metal concentrations.

Tertiles of metal concentration	Annual change (95% CI) in systolic blood pressure (mmHg)			P for interaction
	Tertile 1	Tertile 2	Tertile 3
Arsenic
Base model*	0.68 (0.61, 0.75)	0.70 (0.63, 0.77)	0.87 (0.80, 0.94)	0.0004
Full model†	0.74 (0.66, 0.82)	0.76 (0.68, 0.83)	0.93 (0.85, 1.01)	0.0003
Cadmium
Base model*	0.70 (0.63, 0.77)	0.75 (0.69, 0.82)	0.80 (0.73, 0.87)	0.13
Full model†	0.75 (0.68, 0.83)	0.81 (0.73, 0.89)	0.85 (0.78, 0.93)	0.12
Mercury
Base model*	0.67 (0.60, 0.74)	0.81 (0.75, 0.88)	0.77 (0.70, 0.84)	0.01
Full model†	0.72 (0.65, 0.80)	0.87 (0.79, 0.94)	0.82 (0.75, 0.90)	0.01
Lead
Base model*	0.66 (0.59, 0.73)	0.79 (0.72, 0.85)	0.80 (0.74, 0.87)	0.006
Full model†	0.72 (0.64, 0.79)	0.84 (0.77, 0.92)	0.86 (0.78, 0.93)	0.007

^*Adjusted for age at baseline, race/ethnicity, study site, specific gravity (log-transformed).

^†Adjusted for age at baseline, race/ethnicity, study site, specific gravity (log-transformed), education, smoking status, alcohol drinking, physical activity, body mass index at baseline, menopausal status, seafood and rice intake at baseline, and interaction term between race/ethnicity and follow-up time.