Table 2.

Estimated annualized changes in diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) by tertiles of urinary heavy metal concentrations.

Tertiles of metal concentration	Annualized change (95% CI) in diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)			P for interaction
	Tertile 1	Tertile 2	Tertile 3
Arsenic
Base model*	0.08 (0.04, 0.13)	0.10 (0.05, 0.14)	0.19 (0.14, 0.23)	0.004
Full model†	0.09 (0.04, 0.14)	0.11 (0.06, 0.16)	0.20 (0.15, 0.25)	0.004
Cadmium
Base model*	0.11 (0.07, 0.16)	0.12 (0.08, 0.17)	0.13 (0.09, 0.18)	0.80
Full model†	0.12 (0.07, 0.17)	0.13 (0.08, 0.18)	0.14 (0.09, 0.19)	0.78
Mercury
Base model*	0.05 (0, 0.09)	0.15 (0.11, 0.20)	0.17 (0.12, 0.21)	0.0003
Full model†	0.05 (0.01, 0.11)	0.16 (0.11, 0.21)	0.17 (0.13, 0.22)	0.0004
Lead
Base model*	0.07 (0.02, 0.11)	0.13 (0.08, 0.17)	0.17 (0.13, 0.22)	0.004
Full model†	0.07 (0.03, 0.12)	0.14 (0.09, 0.18)	0.18 (0.13, 0.23)	0.004

^*Adjusted for age at baseline, race/ethnicity, study site, specific gravity (log-transformed).

^†Adjusted for age at baseline, race/ethnicity, study site, specific gravity (log-transformed), education, smoking status, alcohol drinking, physical activity, body mass index at baseline, menopausal status, seafood and rice intake at baseline, and interaction term between race/ethnicity and follow-up time.