. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Jul 31.

Published in final edited form as: Int J Biol Macromol. 2021 Jun 1;183:2055–2073. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.05.192

Table 1.

Nonviral gene delivery systems.

Category	Gene delivery systems
Physical methods	1. Electroporation 2. Gene gun 3. Hydrodynamic injection 4. Sonoporation 5. Microneedle 6. Magnetofection
Chemical methods	1. Cationic lipids: 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium propane (DOTAP); 1,2-di-O-octadecenyl-3-trimethylammonium propane (DOTMA); 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DOPE); Dimethyldidodecylammonium bromide (DDAB) 2. Cationic polymers: PEI, chitosan, PLL 3. Dendrimers: PAMAM, polypropylenimine (PPI), PLL, triazine based dendrimers 4. Polypeptide-based vectors: trans-activating transcriptional activators (TAT) peptide, MPG, model amphipathic peptide (MAP) 5. Inorganic, polymeric, and lipid nanoparticles: Carbon nanotubes, quantum dots, silica nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles, poly (d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) 6. Gemini surfactant

Category

Gene delivery systems

Physical methods

1. Electroporation
2. Gene gun
3. Hydrodynamic injection
4. Sonoporation
5. Microneedle
6. Magnetofection

Chemical methods

1. Cationic lipids: 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium propane (DOTAP); 1,2-di-O-octadecenyl-3-trimethylammonium propane (DOTMA); 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DOPE); Dimethyldidodecylammonium bromide (DDAB)
2. Cationic polymers: PEI, chitosan, PLL
3. Dendrimers: PAMAM, polypropylenimine (PPI), PLL, triazine based dendrimers
4. Polypeptide-based vectors: trans-activating transcriptional activators (TAT) peptide, MPG, model amphipathic peptide (MAP)
5. Inorganic, polymeric, and lipid nanoparticles: Carbon nanotubes, quantum dots, silica nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles, poly (d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs)
6. Gemini surfactant