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Working model: Diabetes activates Suv39H1, and this increases H3K9me3 at Rac1 promoter, creating a mark on the chromatin for Dnmt1 binding. Concomitant activation of Dnmts and Tets hydroxymethylates 5mC to 5 hmC, facilitating the binding of the transcription factor and induction of Rac1 transcription. Activation of Rac1-Nox2-ROS damages the mitochondria, ultimately leading to the development of diabetic retinopathy.
