Table 1.
Patient characteristics, clinical, and prescription information (n = 103)
| Patient characteristics and clinical information | |
| Male (%) | 56.3 |
| Age (%) | |
| 20–64 years | 48.5 |
| 65–74 years | 23.3 |
| ≥ 75 years | 28.2 |
| Duration of diabetes (%) | |
| < 10 years | 32.0 |
| 10–19 years | 34.0 |
| ≥ 20 years | 34.0 |
| BMI (%) | |
| < 25 kg/m2 | 43.7 |
| ≥ 25 kg/m2 | 56.3 |
| HbA1C (%) | 9.1 ± 1.9 |
| Complications of diabetes (%) | |
| Nephropathy | 59.2 |
| Retinopathy | 40.8 |
| Macrovascular disease | 24.3 |
| Number of chronic disease | 3.3 ± 2.1 |
| Number of OHAs | 2.2 ± 1.0 |
| Insulin therapy (%) | 55.3 |
| Number of non-hypoglycemic agents | 5.4 ± 4.0 |
| Adverse events (%) | 38.8 |
| Adverse events related to hypoglycemic agent (%) | |
| Hypoglycemia | 21.4 |
| Others | 9.7 |
| Family history of diabetes (%) | 61.2 |
| Current drinking (%) | 15.5 |
| Dietary supplement (%) | 16.5 |
| Employed (%) | 37.9 |
| Living alone (%) | 12.6 |
| Marital status (%) | 68.0 |
| In-hospital prescription (%) | 100 |
| Prescription information of OHAs | |
| Total number of OHAs | 230 |
| Dosing period of the same OHAs (%) | |
| <48 weeks | 24.9 |
| 48–96 weeks | 33.5 |
| > 96 weeks | 41.6 |
| Number of doses/day (%) | |
| Once | 62.4 |
| Twice | 16.2 |
| Three times | 21.4 |
| OHAs administered before meals (%) | 19.7 |
| Administration of OHAs (%) | |
| At breakfast | 94.2 |
| At lunch | 24.9 |
| At dinner | 38.7 |
| Types of OHAs (%) | |
| DPP4 inhibitors | 38.7 |
| Metformin | 25.4 |
| Sulfonylureas | 13.3 |
| α-Glycosidase inhibitors | 8.7 |
| SGLT2 inhibitors | 5.8 |
| Glinides | 3.5 |
Data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation, numbers, or percentages
BMI body mass index, DPP4 dipeptidyl peptidase 4, OHAs oral hypoglycemic agents, SGLT2 sodium glucose cotransporter 2