Table 2.

Cost and utility inputs

Item	Value	Range	References
Costs
Heart failure (per event)
Heart failure hospitalization	88,313	70,650–105,976	Deerochanawong [20]
Diabetes (per year)
Diabetes treatment	21,240	16,992–25,488	Riewpaiboon [21]
Chronic kidney disease (per year)
Predialysis	85,478	68,382–102,573	Deerochanawong [20]
Dialysis set up	32,681a	26,145–39,217	Teerawattananon [22]
Dialysis	557,623	446,098–669,147
Transplantation	379,021	303,217–454,826	NHSO [23]
Follow-up after transplantation (first 2 years)	47,500	38,000–57,000
Follow-up after transplantation (third year and onward)	15,000	12,000–18,000
Drug (per year)
Dapagliflozin	14,638	11,710–17,565	DMSIC [24]
Adverse eventsb (per event)
Major hypoglycemic event	51,607	2346–100,867	Siriraj hospital database [25]
Diabetic ketoacidosis	64,763	14,388–115,138
Acute kidney injury	110,906	95,051–316,864
Genital infection	11		DMSIC [24]
Direct non-medical cost
Heart failure and diabetesc (per event)
Transportation	155	143–168	Standard cost list [26]
Food	57	51–63
Chronic kidney disease (per year)
Normoalbuminuria	1045	836–1254	Srisubat [17]
Microalbuminuria	1400	1120–1680
Macroalbuminuria	2116	1693–2540
Dialysis	8170	6536–9804
Utilities
Heart failure
Hospitalization	0.65	0.55–0.75	Adena [37]
Stable	0.75	0.65–0.85
Diabetes
Diabetes	0.814	0.733–0.895	Clarke [38]
Chronic kidney disease
Normoalbuminuria	0.72	0.696–0.744	Srisubat [17]
Microalbuminuria	0.72	0.696–0.744
Macroalbuminuria	0.59	0.549–0.631
Dialysis	0.55	0.499–0.601
Transplantation	0.83	0.747–0.913	Li [39]

DMSIC Drug and Medical Supply Information Center, NHSO the National Health Security Office

^aAverage on the proportion of peritoneal dialysis (30%) and hemodialysis (70%)

^bCost of adverse event treatment = cost per event × prevalence of such adverse event

^cPatients visit a hospital 4 times per year. Direct non-medical cost per year = cost per event × 4