Table 2.
ECMO Characteristics.
| n = 71 | ||
|---|---|---|
| ECMO indication, No. (%) | ||
| Refractory hypercapnia | 1 | (1) |
| Refractory hypoxemia | 33 | (46) |
| Combined refractory hypoxemia and hypercapnia | 36 | (51) |
| Other | 1 | (1) |
| ECMO mode, No. (%) | ||
| Veno-Venous ECMO | 66 | (93) |
| Veno-Arterial ECMO | 3 | (4) |
| Veno-Veno-Arterial ECMO | 1 | (1.5) |
| Extracorporeal CO2 Removal | 1 | (1.5) |
| ECMO run duration, median, d | 13 | (7-20) |
| Second run, No. (%) | 3 | (4) |
| Time from start symptoms until hospital admission, median, d | 13 | (7-16) |
| Time from start symptoms until ICU admission, median, d | 14 | (10-18) |
| Time from start symptoms until ECMO initiation, median, d | 18 | (15-25) |
| Time from intubation until start ECMO, median, d | 5 | (3-10) |
| Rescue therapies applied during ECMO, No. (%) | ||
| Prone positioning | 27 | (38) |
| Muscle paralysis | 51 | (72) |
| Nitric oxide | 9 | (13) |
| Beta blockade | 11 | (15) |
| Upgrade ECMO: additional cannula | 3 | (4) |
| Upgrade ECMO: larger diameter cannula | 3 | (4) |
| Upgrade ECMO-membrane | 2 | (3) |
| Pharmacotherapeutic therapies during ECMO, No (%) | ||
| Anti-IL 1 | 3 | (4) |
| Hydroxychloroquine | 47 | (66) |
| Lopinavir/ritonavir (Kaletra®) | 14 | (20) |
| Remdesivir | 5 | (7) |
| Imatinib | 1 | (1) |
| Convalescent plasma | 0 | (0) |
| Tocilizumab | 9 | (13) |
| Intravenous immunoglobulins | 2 | (3) |
| Plasmapheresis | 1 | (1) |
| Cytokine absorber (CytoSorb®) | 13 | (18) |
Abbreviations: ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; CO2, carbondioxide; ICU, Intensive Care Unit; IL, interleukine.