Table 3.
ECMO Outcome and Complications.
| n = 71 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Complications, No. (%) | ||
| Hemorrhagic event | 38 | (54) |
| Cannula | 10 | (14) |
| Hemorrhagic stroke | 7 | (10) |
| Gastro-intestinal | 3 | (4) |
| Other | 19 | (27) |
| Pulmonary embolism | 2 | (3) |
| Arterial thrombotic event | 3 | (4) |
| Ischemic stroke | 1 | (1.5) |
| Leg ischemia | 0 | (0) |
| Other | 2 | 3) |
| Venous thrombotic event | 8 | (11) |
| Upper extremity | 4 | (6) |
| Lower extremity | 2 | (3) |
| Heart | 0 | (0) |
| Other | 2 | (3) |
| Mechanical thrombotic event | 10 | (14) |
| Cannula | 1 | (1.5) |
| Oxygenator | 9 | (13) |
| Pump | 0 | (0) |
| Infection | 40 | (56) |
| Ventilator-associated pneumonia | 23 | (32) |
| Catheter-related bloodstream infection | 9 | (13) |
| Superinfection/second infection | 6 | (8) |
| Other | 10 | (14) |
| Type of infection | ||
| Bacterial | 30 | (42) |
| Fungus (e.g. Aspergillus) | 5 | (7) |
| Yeast | 7 | (10) |
| Viral | 5 | (7) |
| Unknown | 3 | (4) |
| Acute kidney injury | 39 | (55) |
| Renal replacement therapy | 37 | (52) |
| Outcome, No. (%) | ||
| Successful weaning | 37 | (52) |
| 28-day mortalitya | 26 | (37) |
| Location of decease | ||
| ICU, unanticipated during ECMOb | 5 | (14) |
| ICU, anticipated during ECMO | 24 | (67) |
| ICU, within 48 hours after ECMO decannulation | 2 | (6) |
| ICU, after 48 hours after ECMO decannulation | 5 | (14) |
| Hospital, not on ECMO | 0 | (0) |
| Different hospital, after referral | 0 | (0) |
| Non-hospital | 0 | (0) |
Abbreviations: ECMO, Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation; ICU, Intensive Care Unit.
a 28-day mortality: death within 28 days after initiation ECMO.
b Causes of death are described in the Additional File (E4. Unanticipated Death).