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. 2021 Jun 25;12:695712. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.695712

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Copyright © 2021 Ali, Gupta, Wani, Sharma, Abdullaha, Kour, Choudhary, Bharate, Singh and Kumar.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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IIIM-941 activated AMPK pathway through pCAMKK2 upregulation (A) Western blots analysis of various proteins to ascertain the time-dependent effect of IIIM-941on autophagy and AMPK pathway in J774A.1 cells. Metformin (100 μM) treatment for 6 h was used as a standard in this experiment (B) Time-dependent effect of IIIM-941 on cellular ATP as measured by amount of bioluminescence produced due to luciferase activity. The samples were normalized by dividing the total quantity of ATP by total protein present in the sample (C) Effect of IIIM-941 on cellular ATP after treatment of cells under NLRP3 inflammasome activation conditions (D) Western blots showing the effect of IIIM-941 on AMPK pathway under NLRP3 inflammasome activation conditions. Data presented in Figure B and C are average ±SD of three independent experiments. p value < 0.05 was considered significant, ***p < 0.001, **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05.