Table 1.
Characteristics of the included studies.
| References | Country | Type of study | Sample descriptive | Age (M ± S.D weeks) | Birth weight (grams) | Risk factors (BPD vs. BPD-PH) | Outcomes (BPD vs. BPD-PH) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MacKenzie et al. (21) | Canada | Retrospective cohort study | BPD: 63 (23F, 40M) BPD-PH: 24 (9F, 15M) | BPD: 26.4 ± 3.7BPD-PH: 24.7 ± 2.3 | BPD: 840 ± 344 BPD-PH: 765 ± 220 | Oligohydramnios: 9 vs. 1Cesarean: 42 vs. 10Sepsis: 20 vs. 9 | Cognition score: 100 ± 15 vs. 90 ± 15 Hospital stay: 91 ± 40 vs. 99.5 ± 36 days Total duration oxygen received: 66 ± 45 vs. 81 ± 52.5 days Mortality: 2 vs. 0 |
| Sheth et al. (22) | USA | Retrospective case-control observational study | BPD: 161 (59F, 102M) BPD-PH: 59 (32F, 27M) | BPD: 26 ± 12BPD-PH: 25 ± 4 | BPD: 807 ± 206 BPD-PH: 690 ± 224 | Oligohydramnios: 11 vs. 4Multiple birth: 41 vs. 15SGA: 12 vs. 16BPD severe: 115 vs. 56Cesarean: 112 vs. 39Pre-eclampsia: 34 vs. 15 | Mortality: 7 vs. 10 |
| Chen et al. (26) | China | Retrospective cohort study | BPD: 314 BPD-PH: 24 | BPD: 27.2 ± 1.7BPD-PH: 27.1 ± 1.8 | BPD: 1003 ± 240 BPD-PH: 798 ± 255 | SGA: 24 vs. 8Sepsis: 23 vs. 13BPD severe: 23 vs. 16Pre-eclampsia: 6 vs. 3 | - |
| Vayalthrikkovil et al. (23) | Canada | Prospective cohort study | BPD: 87 (43F, 44M) BPD-PH: 24 (11F, 13M) | BPD: 26.3 ± 1.5BPD-PH: 25.4 ± 1.8 | BPD: 882 ± 223 BPD-PH: 729 ± 200 | Cesarean: 57 vs. 15Oligohydramnios: 12 vs. 4SGA: 9 vs. 5Sepsis: 10 vs. 1BPD severe: 38 vs. 18 | Hospital stay: 99 vs. 117 days Total duration oxygen received: 51 vs. 61 days |
| Choi et al. (29) | South Korea | Retrospective cohort study | BPD: 61 BPD-PH: 20 |
BPD: 25.8 ± 1.1BPD-PH: 25.3 ± 1.4 | BPD: 758.6 ± 159.1 BPD-PH: 710.1 ± 183.6 | Multiple birth: 35 vs. 3 Oligohydramnios: 3 vs. 4BPD severe: 23 vs. 17Sepsis: 15 vs. 11SGA: 9 vs. 5 | Cognition score: 95 vs. 85 Hospital stay: 103 vs. 111 days |
| Mehler et al. (24) | Germany | Retrospective cohort study | BPD: 154 (74F, 80M) BPD-PH: 34 (18F, 16M) | BPD: 25BPD-PH: 25 | BPD: 734 BPD-PH: 524 | SGA: 10 vs. 6Multiple birth: 43 vs. 11BPD severe: 2 vs. 5 | – |
| Kunjunju et al. (30) | Australia | Retrospective cohort study | BPD: 34 BPD-PH: 22 |
BPD: 25.8 ± 1.3BPD-PH: 25.8 ± 1.6 | BPD: 770.2 ± 171 BPD-PH: 776.4 ± 226 | Sepsis: 2 vs. 1Pre-eclampsia: 10 vs. 7 | – |
| Nakanishi et al. (31) | Japan | Retrospective cohort study | BPD: 78 (41F, 37M) BPD-PH: 22 (11F, 11M) | BPD: 25.7 ± 1.4BPD-PH: 24.8 ± 1.3 | BPD: 717 ± 181 BPD-PH: 702 ± 140 | SGA: 37 vs. 11Sepsis: 23 vs. 8BPD severe: 13 vs. 15 | Mortality: 0 vs. 1 Hospital stay: 147 vs. 170 days Cognitive score: 92 vs. 87 |
| Choi et al. (20) | South Korea | Retrospective cohort study | BPD: 144 BPD-PH: 50 | BPD: 26.6 ± 1.9BPD-PH: 26.2 ± 2 | BPD: 825 ± 253 BPD-PH: 754 ± 227 | Cesarean: 92 vs. 33SGA: 15 vs. 37 | Total duration oxygen received: 86.3 vs. 104 days Hospital stay: 99.3 vs. 112 days Mortality: 0 vs. 3 |
| Mourani et al. (25) | USA | Prospective cohort study | BPD: 238 (122F, 116M) BPD-PH: 39 (20F, 19M) | BPD: 26.3 ± 1.5BPD-PH: 25.4 ± 1.8 | BPD: 922 BPD-PH: 810 | Multiple birth: 54 vs. 16Cesarean: 176 vs. 34Sepsis: 39 vs. 7SGA: 38 vs. 9Pre-eclampsia: 62 vs. 12 | Total duration oxygen received: 75 vs. 87 days Hospital stay: 90 vs. 90 Mortality: 3 vs. 4 |
| Ali et al. (28) | Denmark | Retrospective cohort study | BPD: 57 (26F, 31M) BPD-PH: 17 (9F, 8M) | BPD: 26.9BPD-PH: 26.4 | BPD: 924 BPD-PH: 836 | Cesarean: 34 vs. 11Multiple birth: 19 vs. 2 | Total duration oxygen received: 58 vs. 97 days |
| Check et al. (43) | USA | Retrospective cohort study | BPD: 99 (33F, 66M) BPD-PH: 39 (19F, 20M) | BPD: 25.5 ± 1.2BPD-PH: 26.3 ± 1.5 | BPD: 862.9 ± 190.9 BPD-PH: 695.9 ± 190.9 |
Multiple birth: 31 vs. 5Sepsis: 33 vs. 18Oligohydramnios: 9 vs. 6Pre-eclampsia: 21 vs. 11 | - |
| Kim et al. (27) | South Korea | Retrospective cohort study | BPD: 73 (29F, 44M) BPD-PH: 25 (8F, 17M) | BPD: 26.4 ± 1.9BPD-PH: 26.9 ± 2.4 | BPD: 799 ± 234 BPD-PH: 765 ± 237 | Sepsis: 23 vs. 9Pre-eclampsia: 9 vs. 7SGA: 7 vs. 7Cesarean: 49 vs. 19Multiple birth: 40 vs. 8 | Hospital stay: 105.5 ± 29.8 vs. 147 ± 83.5 days Total duration oxygen received: 93.5 ± 28.4 vs. 141 ± 84.3 days |
| Slaughter et al. (32) | USA | Retrospective cohort study | BPD: 49 (21F, 28M) BPD-PH: 29 (15F, 14M) | BPD: 25 ± 1.4BPD-PH: 25 ± 1.5 | BPD: 733 ± 144.1 BPD-PH: 735 ± 114.9 | - | Total duration oxygen received: 113 ± 66.5 vs. 113 ± 56 days Mortality: 7 vs. 11 |
| An et al. (19) | South Korea | Retrospective cohort study | BPD: 87 (33F, 54M) BPD-PH: 29 (1F, 28M) | BPD: 26.4BPD-PH: 26 | BPD: 830 BPD-PH: 700 | SGA: 26 vs. 14BPD severe: 18 vs. 25 | Total duration oxygen received: 82 vs. 210 days |
M, Mean; SD, Standard deviation; F, Female; SGA, Small for gestational age; BPD, Bronchopulmonary dysplasia.