Table 2.
Baseline characteristics of patients with unfavorable outcome and favorable outcome (N = 363).
| Group | Favorable outcome | Unfavorable outcome | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| N | 290 | 73 | |
| Age (y), median (IQR) | 64.0 (54.0–70.0) | 67.5 (60.8–72.0) | 0.002* |
| Gender, male n (%) | 181 (63.3%) | 47 (64.4%) | 0.862 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.40 ± 8.19 | 23.59 ± 3.70 | 0.429 |
| Education (years) | 4.42 ± 3.86 | 3.32 ± 3.16 | 0.012* |
| Lesion location | |||
| Frontal lobe, n (%) | 44 (17.8%) | 11 (20.0%) | 0.948 |
| Parietal lobe, n (%) | 23 (9.3%) | 5 (7.9%) | 0.734 |
| Temporal lobe, n (%) | 22 (8.9%) | 4 (6.3%) | 0.513 |
| Occipital lobe, n (%) | 21 (8.5%) | 3 (4.8%) | 0.321 |
| Basal ganglia, n (%) | 121 (49.0%) | 32 (50.8%) | 0.798 |
| Cerebellum, n (%) | 24 (9.7%) | 10 (15.9%) | 0.163 |
| Midbrain, n (%) | 28 (11.3%) | 5 (7.9%) | 0.581 |
| Pons, n (%) | 39 (15.8%) | 11 (17.5%) | 0.748 |
| Medulla, n (%) | 32 (13.0%) | 8 (12.7%) | 0.957 |
| History of drinking, n (%) | 97 (35.5%) | 25 (35.6%) | 0.977 |
| History of smoking, n (%) | 93 (32.6%) | 16 (21.9%) | 0.076 |
| History of hypertension, n (%) | 201 (70.0%) | 60 (82.2%) | 0.038* |
| History of diabetes, n (%) | 63 (22.0%) | 18 (24.7%) | 0.631 |
| History of hyperlipidemia, n (%) | 32 (11.2%) | 2 (2.7%) | 0.027* |
| Coronary artery disease, n (%) | 17 (6.0%) | 9 (13.9%) | 0.063 |
| History of a previous stroke, n (%) | 27 (9.4%) | 9 (12.3%) | 0.463 |
| PSD (at baseline) | 109 (37.6%) | 45 (62.6%) | <0.001 |
| MMSE, median (IQR) | 23.0 (19.0–27.0) | 21.0 (16.6–24.0) | 0.002* |
| HAMD, median (IQR) | 4 (2–7) | 5 (3–9) | <0.001* |
| NIHSS, median (IQR) | 3 (1–4) | 4 (2–6) | <0.001* |
BMI, body mass index; NIHSS, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; MMSE, mini mental state examination; BI, modified Barthel Index; IQR, interquartile range; SD, standard deviation; PSD, Post-stroke depression.
*
p < 0.005.