Table 1.

Definitions of the COM-B constructs and intervention functions as outlined by the Behaviour Change Wheel [7]

	Definition
COM-B construct
Physical capability	Physical skill, strength, or stamina
Psychological capability	Knowledge or psychological skills, strength, or stamina to engage in the necessary mental processes
Physical opportunity	Opportunity afforded by the environment involving time, resources, locations, cues, physical affordance
Social opportunity	Opportunity afforded by the interpersonal influences, social cues and cultural norms that influence the way that we think about things
Reflective motivation	Reflective processes involving plans (self-conscious intentions) and evaluations (beliefs about what is good and bad)
Automatic motivation	Automatic processes involving emotional reactions, desires (wants and needs), impulses, inhibitions, drive states, and reflex responses
Intervention function
Environmental restructuring	Changing the physical or social context
Restrictions	Using rules to reduce the opportunity to engage in the target behaviour (or to increase the target behaviour by reducing the opportunity to engage in competing behaviours)
Education	Increasing knowledge or understanding
Persuasion	Using communication to induce positive or negative feelings to stimulate action
Incentivisation	Creating an expectation of reward
Coercion	Creating an expectation of punishment or cost
Training	Imparting skills
Enablement	Increasing means/reducing barriers to increase capability (beyond education and training) or opportunity (beyond environmental restructuring)
Modeling	Provide an example for people to aspire to or imitate