Figure 1.

PM2.5 induces cytotoxicity in HaCaT cells. (A) HaCaT cells were treated with PM2.5 (0, 10, 50, 100, 200, 400, and 500 µg/mL)for 24 h and cell viability was determined by CCK-8; (B) HaCaT cells were treated with 100 µg/mL PM2.5, and the cell viability was measured at 0, 12, and 24 h; (C) cell apoptosis was detected by Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining and flow cytometry; (D) apoptosis-related protein was detected by western blot. Each experiment was performed in triplicate and data are presented as mean ± SD. One-way ANOVA and Dunnett’s Multiple comparison test were used to analyze the data (**P<0.01, ***P<0.001).