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. 2021 Apr 12:1–12. doi: 10.1017/cjn.2021.63

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© The Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences Inc. 2021

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 3: — Auditory and vestibular neural pathways in humans. (A) Cranial nerves (I–XII) at the base of the brain. (B) Innervation of the cochlea and vestibule (i.e., semicircular channels, utricle, and saccule) by auditory and vestibular branches of the auditory–vestibular nerve (cranial nerve VIII). (C) The major ascending auditory neural pathways. (D) Vestibular neural pathways. The afferent fibers from the vestibular labyrinth project to each of the vestibular nuclei located in the rostral medulla and the caudal pons. Neural fibers from semicircular canals project to the SVN and rostral portion of the MVN. Neural fibers from the utricle and saccule terminate in LVN. Some saccular neural fibers project to the IVN. DCN, dorsal cochlear nucleus; IVN, inferior vestibular nucleus; LVN, lateral vestibular nucleus; MLF, medial longitudinal fasciculus; MVN, medial vestibular nucleus; SVN, superior vestibular nerve; VCN, ventral cochlear nucleus.