Table 3.
Average (±standard deviation) of serum chemistry parameters of animals that consumed a single dose of blank nanocomplexes (BNCs) or of curcumin-loaded nanocomplexes (CNCs) in the acute toxicity study.
| Parameters | Normal range | Normal | BNCs | CNCs |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low dose | Medium dose | High dose | |||||
| 7.9 g/kg bw | 0.1 g/kg bw | 1.1 g/kg bw | 11 g/kg bw | ||||
| n = 5 | n = 8 | n = 2 | n = 2 | n = 6 | |||
| Mice | Blood glucoseU | 60−150 | 175.00 ± 35.36 | 136.33 ± 67.57 | 209.00 | 127.00 | 175.75 ± 37.25 |
| Blood Urea NitrogenU | 15−33 | 16.06 ± 2.64 | 21.90 ± 4.62 | 20.80 | 18.40 | 23.87 ± 5.99* | |
| CreatinineU | 0.2−1.0 | 0.15 ± 0.02 | 0.10 ± 0.05 | 0.11 | 0.09 | 0.13 ± 0.06 | |
| CholesterolU | 55−181 | 83.80 ± 22.39 | 109.00 ± 33.47 | 104.00 | 98.00 | 105.50 ± 10.41 | |
| TriglycerideU | 72−227 | 120.60 ± 10.26 | 151.00 ± 82.02 | NA | NA | 142.00 ± 79.20 | |
| Total protein (g/dL) | 4.5−7.5 | 4.72 ± 0.50 | 5.80 ± 0.64* | 6.40 | 5.50 | 5.85 ± 0.64* | |
| Albumin (g/dL) | 2.3−4.3 | 3.42 ± 0.04 | 3.55 ± 0.21 | 3.70 | 3.50 | 3.67 ± 0.35 | |
| Globulin (g/dL) | 2.4−4.2 | 1.28 ± 0.13 | 2.25 ± 0.69* | 2.70 | 2.00 | 2.20 ± 0.31* | |
| Bilirubin TotalU | 0−1.0 | 0.03 ± 0.05 | 0.08 ± 0.10 | 0.20 | NA | 0.10 ± 0.00 | |
| ALT (U/L) | 22−128 | 59.60 ± 33.22 | 82.00 ± 40.26 | 200.00 | 220.00 | 115.00 ± 175.14 | |
| AST (U/L) | 20−150 | 223.67 ± 96.72 | 256.33 ± 160.50 | NA | NA | 128.00 ± 34.51 | |
| Alkaline phosphatase (U/L) | 50−186 | 47.60 ± 16.09 | 70.60 ± 20.54 | 93.00 | 84.00 | 78.83 ± 29.92 | |
| 15.4 g/kg bw | 0.2 g/kg bw | 2.1 g/kg bw | 21.4 g/kg bw | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 7 | n = 5 | n = 2 | n = 2 | n = 5 | |||
| Hamsters | Blood glucoseU | 60−150 | 147.00 ± 47.48 | 166.50 ± 19.09 | 107.00 ± 0.00 | 146.00 ± 25.46 | 216.50 ± 47.38 |
| Blood Urea NitrogenU | 15−33 | 26.34 ± 4.01 | 24.60 ± 2.67 | 27.75 ± 6.15 | 30.40 ± 5.09 | 26.98 ± 4.72 | |
| CreatinineU | 0.2−1.0 | 0.21 ± 0.05 | 0.18 ± 0.01 | 0.20 ± 0.03 | 0.18 ± 0.03 | 0.22 ± 0.03 | |
| CholesterolU | 55−181 | 123.17 ± 26.72 | 136.50 ± 24.12 | 119.00 ± 46.67 | 139.50 ± 41.72 | 139.60 ± 30.39 | |
| TriglycerideU | 72−227 | 181.86 ± 81.93 | 187.60 ± 25.40 | 186.50 ± 152.03 | 176.00 ± 113.14 | 219.20 ± 60.61 | |
| Total protein (g/dL) | 4.5−7.5 | 6.14 ± 0.49 | 6.26 ± 0.44 | 5.90 ± 0.42 | 6.00 ± 0.00 | 5.96 ± 0.40 | |
| Albumin (g/dL) | 2.3−4.3 | 3.27 ± 0.13 | 3.26 ± 0.15 | 3.20 ± 0.14 | 3.30 ± 0.00 | 3.06 ± 0.25 | |
| Globulin (g/dL) | 2.4−4.2 | 2.87 ± 0.37 | 3.00 ± 0.34 | 2.70 ± 0.28 | 2.70 ± 0.00 | 2.90 ± 0.24 | |
| Bilirubin TotalU | 0−1.0 | 0.07 ± 0.05 | 0.02 ± 0.04 | 0.05 ± 0.07 | 0.05 ± 0.07 | 0.24 ± 0.43 | |
| ALT (U/L) | 22−128 | 120.40 ± 41.73 | 126.20 ± 67.34 | 141.00 ± 38.18 | 180.00 ± 115.97 | 236.50 ± 208.37 | |
| AST (U/L) | 20−150 | 145.50 ± 31.20 | 139.60 ± 66.08 | 287.00 ± 59.40 | 318.00 ± 199.40 | 264.25 ± 312.05 | |
| Alkaline phosphatase (U/L) | 50−186 | 148.00 ± 15.56 | 153.50 ± 20.51 | 183.00 ± 55.15 | 177.50 ± 43.13 | 198.20 ± 43.48 |
Note: BNCs - blank nanocomplexes (7.9 g/kg bw in mice or 15.4 g in hamsters), CNCs – Curcumin-loaded nanocomplexes at low doses (0.1 g/kg bw in mice or 0.2 g/kg bw in hamsters), medium doses (1.1 g/kg bw in mice or 2.1 g/kg bw in hamsters) or high doses (11.0 g/kg bw in mice or 21.4 g/kg bw in hamsters); superscripted U – units are mg/dL, Data are mean ±SD, NA = not available; *P value < 0.05 one-way ANOVA, n = number of animals.