Table 4.
Relative organ weights of animals in the chronic toxicity study.
| Organs | Sex | Normal | BNCs | BNCs (recovery) | CNCs |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low | Medium | High | High (recovery) | ||||||
| 0.58 g/kg bw | 0.58 g/kg bw | 0.09 g/kg bw | 0.27 g/kg bw | 0.8 g/kg bw | 0.8 g/kg bw | ||||
| n = 23 | n = 16 | n = 17 | n = 18 | n = 22 | n = 16 | n = 17 | |||
| Mice | Stomach | M | 1.33 ± 0.31 | 1.09 ± 0.23 | 1.15 ± 0.15 | 1.04 ± 0.23 | 1.22 ± 0.27 | 1.77 ± 0.39* | 1.29 ± 0.39 |
| F | 1.68 ± 0.56 | 1.65 ± 0.30 | 1.63 ± 0.15 | 1.74 ± 0.20 | 2.24 ± 0.69* | 2.07 ± 0.33 | 2.23 ± 0.61 | ||
| Intestine | M | 6.26 ± 0.76 | 5.47 ± 0.34 | 5.54 ± 0.39 | 5.84 ± 0.51 | 5.23 ± 1.30* | 7.03 ± 0.53 | 6.13 ± 0.86 | |
| F | 6.70 ± 0.58 | 6.66 ± 0.75 | 6.30 ± 0.46 | 6.74 ± 0.42 | 6.99 ± 0.62 | 7.38 ± 0.58* | 6.55 ± 0.44 | ||
| Liver | M | 4.02 ± 0.34 | 4.30 ± 0.46 | 4.33 ± 0.17 | 4.10 ± 0.25 | 4.17 ± 0.29 | 3.85 ± 0.21 | 3.94 ± 0.33 | |
| F | 4.15 ± 0.34 | 4.07 ± 0.22 | 3.92 ± 1.45 | 4.15 ± 0.31 | 4.22 ± 0.57 | 4.08 ± 0.45 | 4.20 ± 0.28 | ||
| Pancreas | M | 0.55 ± 0.11 | 0.63 ± 0.08 | 0.68 ± 0.10* | 0.69 ± 0.08* | 0.66 ± 0.08* | 0.63 ± 0.03 | 0.65 ± 0.09 | |
| F | 0.66 ± 0.18 | 0.74 ± 0.05 | 0.75 ± 0.09 | 0.75 ± 0.09 | 0.70 ± 0.10 | 0.75 ± 0.16 | 0.73 ± 0.13 | ||
| Kidneys | M | 1.85 ± 0.29 | 2.19 ± 0.25* | 2.26 ± 0.21* | 1.98 ± 0.15 | 2.07 ± 0.24 | 1.96 ± 0.17 | 2.06 ± 0.22 | |
| F | 1.46 ± 0.21 | 1.57 ± 0.08 | 1.57 ± 0.16 | 1.52 ± 0.13 | 1.57 ± 0.11 | 1.52 ± 0.07 | 1.52 ± 0.14 | ||
| Spleen | M | 0.24 ± 0.07 | 0.23 ± 0.08 | 0.26 ± 0.09 | 0.24 ± 0.08 | 0.24 ± 0.10 | 0.26 ± 0.07 | 0.28 ± 0.19 | |
| F | 0.39 ± 0.10 | 0.37 ± 0.07 | 0.51 ± 0.23 | 0.36 ± 0.22 | 0.51 ± 0.50 | 0.36 ± 0.19 | 0.32 ± 0.06 | ||
| Lung | M | 0.77 ± 0.13 | 0.73 ± 0.05 | 0.89 ± 0.28 | 0.81 ± 0.32 | 0.70 ± 0.08 | 0.75 ± 0.09 | 0.97 ± 0.60 | |
| F | 0.80 ± 0.10 | 0.91 ± 0.17 | 1.00 ± 0.37 | 0.84 ± 0.10 | 1.00 ± 0.33 | 0.82 ± 0.15 | 0.87 ± 0.10 | ||
| Heart | M | 0.59 ± 0.10 | 0.61 ± 0.05 | 0.66 ± 0.07 | 0.60 ± 0.04 | 0.58 ± 0.06 | 0.55 ± 0.04 | 0.67 ± 0.09 | |
| F | 0.59 ± 0.11 | 0.62 ± 0.07 | 0.59 ± 0.07 | 0.55 ± 0.04 | 0.58 ± 0.07 | 0.56 ± 0.05 | 0.59 ± 0.06 | ||
| Testes | M | 1.08 ± 0.31 | 0.85 ± 0.16 | 0.90 ± 0.13 | 1.17 ± 0.23 | 0.98 ± 0.17 | 1.12 ± 0.15 | 0.84 ± 0.12* | |
| Ovaries | F | 1.61 ± 0.56 | 1.42 ± 0.45 | 1.47 ± 0.20 | 1.47 ± 0.39 | 1.45 ± 0.81 | 1.65 ± 0.74 | 1.82 ± 0.70 | |
| 1.16 g/kg bw | 1.16 g/kg bw | 0.18 g/kg bw | 0.54 g/kg bw | 1.61 g/kg bw | 1.61 g/kg bw | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 20 | n = 18 | n = 18 | n = 24 | n = 14 | n = 14 | n = 14 | |||
| Hamsters | Stomach | M | 0.85 ± 0.25 | 1.24 ± 0.34* | 1.30 ± 0.28* | 1.23 ± 0.25* | 0.90 ± 0.14 | 1.10 ± 0.17 | 1.61 ± 0.21* |
| F | 1.55 ± 0.28 | 1.62 ± 0.37 | 1.53 ± 0.34 | 1.22 ± 0.26 | 1.35 ± 0.09 | 1.30 ± 0.24 | 1.96 ± 0.42* | ||
| Intestine | M | 5.98 ± 0.58 | 7.22 ± 1.75 | 7.45 ± 1.59* | 6.80 ± 0.78 | 7.14 ± 0.88 | 6.60 ± 0.86 | 7.58 ± 1.16* | |
| F | 7.88 ± 2.63 | 10.67 ± 2.34 | 8.68 ± 3.70 | 8.56 ± 1.44 | 9.46 ± 2.40 | 7.59 ± 1.08 | 11.05 ± 2.29* | ||
| Liver | M | 2.71 ± 0.27 | 2.41 ± 0.24 | 2.62 ± 0.38 | 2.89 ± 0.19 | 2.90 ± 0.19 | 2.98 ± 0.32 | 2.43 ± 0.23 | |
| F | 4.07 ± 0.91 | 3.39 ± 0.56 | 3.22 ± 0.28 | 3.38 ± 0.21 | 4.13 ± 2.07 | 3.14 ± 0.22 | 3.10 ± 0.24 | ||
| Pancreas | M | 0.42 ± 0.18 | 0.44 ± 0.11 | 0.65 ± 0.28* | 0.48 ± 0.20 | 0.36 ± 0.17 | 0.50 ± 0.17 | 0.56 ± 0.08 | |
| F | 0.42 ± 0.11 | 0.47 ± 0.11 | 0.59 ± 0.09* | 0.57 ± 0.12* | 0.50 ± 0.13 | 0.41 ± 0.15 | 0.46 ± 0.09 | ||
| Kidneys | M | 0.85 ± 0.05 | 0.78 ± 0.13 | 0.81 ± 0.06 | 0.86 ± 0.05 | 0.81 ± 0.09 | 0.91 ± 0.12 | 0.77 ± 0.09 | |
| F | 1.10 ± 0.16 | 0.97 ± 0.17 | 0.87 ± 0.07* | 0.90 ± 0.08 | 1.03 ± 0.21 | 0.95 ± 0.06 | 0.93 ± 0.13 | ||
| Spleen | M | 0.13 ± 0.02 | 0.13 ± 0.02 | 0.14 ± 0.03 | 0.14 ± 0.05 | 0.16 ± 0.07 | 0.14 ± 0.03 | 0.12 ± 0.02 | |
| F | 0.23 ± 0.13 | 0.25 ± 0.19 | 0.21 ± 0.05 | 0.24 ± 0.06 | 0.27 ± 0.10 | 0.22 ± 0.07 | 0.21 ± 0.04 | ||
| Lung | M | 0.59 ± 0.04 | 0.64 ± 0.06 | 0.66 ± 0.07 | 0.64 ± 0.05 | 0.70 ± 0.05* | 0.74 ± 0.09* | 0.60 ± 0.03 | |
| F | 0.78 ± 0.13 | 0.75 ± 0.04 | 0.69 ± 0.05 | 0.69 ± 0.04 | 0.78 ± 0.13 | 0.73 ± 0.08 | 0.76 ± 0.10 | ||
| Heart | M | 0.45 ± 0.06 | 0.40 ± 0.03 | 0.40 ± 0.04 | 0.43 ± 0.04 | 0.44 ± 0.04 | 0.53 ± 0.06* | 0.40 ± 0.02 | |
| F | 0.47 ± 0.03 | 0.44 ± 0.03 | 0.42 ± 0.03 | 0.44 ± 0.04 | 0.40 ± 0.02 | 0.49 ± 0.05 | 0.47 ± 0.07 | ||
| Testes | M | 2.68 ± 0.22 | 2.60 ± 0.29 | 2.35 ± 0.61 | 2.35 ± 0.35 | 2.53 ± 0.38 | 2.71 ± 0.15 | 2.47 ± 0.30 | |
| Ovaries | F | 0.68 ± 0.31 | 0.87 ± 0.18 | 0.85 ± 0.08 | 0.77 ± 0.13 | 0.73 ± 0.20 | 0.64 ± 0.20 | 0.89 ± 0.19 |
Note: BNCs - blank nanocomplexes (0.58 g/kg bw in mice or 1.16 g in hamsters), CNCs – Curcumin-loaded nanocomplexes at low doses (0.09 g/kg bw in mice or 0.18 g/kg bw in hamsters), medium doses (0.27 g/kg bw in mice or 0.54 g/kg bw in hamsters) or high doses (0.8 g/kg bw in mice or 1.61 g/kg bw in hamsters); Data are mean ± SD, *P value < 0.05 one-way ANOVA, n = number of animals.