Table 2.
Demographic data and diabetes management among different age groups
| Age 0–5 years | Age 5–10 years | Age 10–18 years | p value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. = 10 | No. = 44 | No. = 61 | ||||
| Duration of diabetes | 6 months–1 year | 7 (70.0%) | 9 (20.5%) | 4 (6.6%) | 0.000 | |
| 1–5 years | 3 (30.0%) | 30 (68.2%) | 20 (32.8%) | |||
| > 5 years | 0 (0.0%) | 5 (11.4%) | 37 (60.7%) | |||
| Gender | Male | 6 (60.0%) | 21 (47.7%) | 26 (42.6%) | 0.571 | |
| Female | 4 (40.0%) | 23 (52.3%) | 35 (57.4%) | |||
| Insulin regimen | Multiple daily injections | 8 (80.0%) | 43 (97.7%) | 58 (95.1%) | 0.074 | |
| Insulin pump | 2 (20.0%) | 1 (2.3%) | 3 (4.9%) | |||
| Number of daily injection of insulin | Less than 3 times/day | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.123 | |
| 3 times/day | 0 (0.0%) | 9 (20.5%) | 6 (9.8%) | |||
| More than 3 times/day | 10 (100.0%) | 35 (79.5%) | 55 (90.2%) | |||
| Eating habits and diet control during lockdown | Same | 5 (50.0%) | 11 (25.0%) | 13 (21.3%) | 0.325 | |
| Better | 0 (0.0%) | 7 (15.9%) | 10 (16.4%) | |||
| Worse | 5 (50.0%) | 26 (59.1%) | 38 (62.3%) | |||
| Frequency of daily SMBG † during lockdown | Less than 3 times/day | 3 (30.0%) | 10 (22.7%) | 21 (34.4%) | 0.048 | |
| 3–4 times/day | 0 (0.0%) | 19 (43.2%) | 16 (26.2%) | |||
| 5–7 times/day | 7 (70.0%) | 15 (34.1%) | 24 (39.3%) | |||
| Diabetes control during lockdown | Same | 7 (70.0%) | 9 (20.5%) | 11 (18.0%) | 0.008 | |
| Better | 0 (0.0%) | 8 (18.2%) | 12 (19.7%) | |||
| Worse | 3 (30.0%) | 27 (61.4%) | 38 (62.3%) | |||
| Hyperglycemia more often after the lockdown | No | 5 (50.0%) | 16 (36.4%) | 18 (29.5%) | 0.406 | |
| Yes | 5 (50.0%) | 28 (63.6%) | 43 (70.5%) | |||
| Hypoglycemia more often after the lockdown | No | 4 (40.0%) | 16 (36.4%) | 27 (44.3%) | 0.718 | |
| Yes | 6 (60.0%) | 28 (63.6%) | 34 (55.7%) | |||
| Exercise before lockdown | No | 9 (90.0%) | 37 (84.1%) | 51 (83.6%) | 0.874 | |
| Yes | 1 (10.0%) | 7 (15.9%) | 10 (16.4%) | |||
| Exercise during lockdown | No | 10 (100.0%) | 41 (93.2%) | 59 (96.7%) | 0.531 | |
| Yes | 0 (0.0%) | 3 (6.8%) | 2 (3.3%) | |||
| Method of communication | Physical visit | 0 (0.0%) | 3 (6.8%) | 5 (8.2%) | 0.159 | |
| Phone call | 8 (80.0%) | 20 (45.5%) | 19 (31.1%) | |||
| Social media | 2 (20.0%) | 20 (45.5%) | 35 (57.4%) | |||
| Couldn’t communicate | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (2.3%) | 2 (3.3%) | |||
| Satisfaction with communication | Not satisfied | 0 (0.0%) | 3 (6.8%) | 8 (13.1%) | 0.860 | |
| Mildly satisfied | 2 (20.0%) | 7 (15.9%) | 14 (23.0%) | |||
| Satisfied | 8 (80.0%) | 34 (77.3%) | 39 (63.9%) | |||
| Afraid about shortage of supply | No | 1 (10.0%) | 4 (9.1%) | 14 (23.0%) | 0.142 | |
| Yes | 9 (90.0%) | 40 (90.9%) | 47 (77.0%) | |||
| COVID-19-related worries | Difficulty in contacting healthcare physician | 1 (10.0%) | 1 (2.3%) | 1 (1.6%) | 0.69 | |
| Afraid of not finding the medical care if infected with COVID-19 | 1 (10.0%) | 5 (11.4%) | 12 (19.7%) | |||
| Feeling more susceptible to infection | 3 (30.0%) | 13 (29.5%) | 17 (27.9%) | |||
| Fear of hospital admission | 5 (50.0%) | 25 (56.8%) | 31 (50.8%) | |||
| PSS-10 ♦ | Moderate stress | 4 (40.0%) | 35 (79.5%) | 49 (80.3%) | 0.017 | |
| High perceived stress | 6 (60.0%) | 9 (20.5%) | 12 (19.7%) | |||
†SMBG self-monitoring of blood glucose, ♦ PSS-10 perceived stress scale-10