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. 2021 Jun 28;13(13):3227. doi: 10.3390/cancers13133227

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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HCQ treatment sensitized sorafenib-resistant HCC cells towards sorafenib treatment. (A) Huh7, Huh7-SR, HepG2, and HepG2-SR cells were treated with sorafenib for 48 h. Cell viability (%) was measured and normalized with the control untreated cells. (B) HCQ dose-dependently reduced the viability of sorafenib-resistant HCC cell lines (right panel). (C) Isobologram analysis represents the combined effect of HCQ and sorafenib on sorafenib-resistant HCC cells and growth inhibitory effect of HCQ and sorafenib on HCC cells after the 48-h exposure. CI < 1 indicates synergism. (D) Cells were treated with HCQ, sorafenib individually or in combination, Western blot to detect the cleavage of caspase-3 and PARP, and SOD1 expression. GAPDH was used as the control for equal loading.