Table 6.
Undertaken clinical trials in treatment of sinuses diseases using MSCs.
| Type of Study | No. of Patients | Stem Cell Source (n) | Outcome | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical trial | Seven patients with a loss of height in the posterior maxilla | BMSCs in combination with biphasic HA/TCP | A viable therapeutic alternative for implant placement | [163] |
| Randomized, controlled clinical trial | 12 patients with atrophic maxilla and bilateral sinus floor augmentation | BMSCs seeded on bovine bone mineral | Formation of sufficient volume of new bone and a reliable placement of implants within a time frame | [164] |
| A randomized controlled clinical trial | 7 patients with bilateral highly atrophic posterior maxilla | BMSCs or bovine bone mineral | No significant difference in new bone formation between treatments | [166] |
| Phase I/II randomized, controlled clinical trial | Thirty patients with maxillary sinus deficiencies | BMSCs enriched with CD90+ stem cells and CD14+ monocytes | Safe for maxillary sinus floor reconstruction and accelerating and enhancing tissue engineered bone quality | [167] |
| A randomized controlled clinical trial | 8 patients with maxillary sinus deficiencies | BMSCs or bovine bone mineral | An increase in bone formation in sinus lift procedures when stem cells were utilized | [168] |
BMSCs: Bone marrow-derived stem cells. AdSCs: Adipose tissue-derived stem cells. HA/TCP: hydroxyl apatite/β-tricalcium phosphate.