Table 1.
Summary of some of the main studies investigating the role of miRNAs in PCa carcinogenesis and their relationship with the clinical course of the disease as well as their potential role as biomarkers.
| Author and Year | Samples Analyzed | Significant miRNAs Analyzed | miRNA Modulation |
Clinical Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cheng et al. 2018 [81] | mPCa (50 pts) | miRNAs miR-141, miR-200a, miR-200c and miR-375 | Baseline vs. end of treatment | miR-375 and miR-200b were significantly associated with 28 weeks PSA response miR-141, miR-200a, miR-200c and miR-375 levels were significantly correlated with CTCs levels |
| Bryant et al. 2012 [93] | Pca (78 pts, including mPCa and lPCa pts) and normal control (28 pts) | miR-375 and miR-141 | Metastatic PCa vs. localized PCa | ↑ miR-375 and miR-141 expression significantly increased in metastatic Pca |
| Li et al. 2016 [96] | PCa (20 pts), BPH (20 pts), Healthy individuals (20 pts) | miR-141 | PCa vs. BPH vs. healthy | ↑ Elevated levels of serum exosomal miR-141 were considerably correlated with cancer metastasis |
| Osipov et al. 2016 [95] | PCa (48 pts) and Healthy donors (48 pts) | miR-141, miR-205 | PCa vs. healthy | ↑ The two miRNAs were significantly upregulated in PCa pts. miR-141 expression level efficiently discriminates early-stage prostate cancer patients and correlates with the Gleason score miRNA-205 expression showed no dependence on the stage of PCa |
| Zhao et al. 2019 [97] | localized PCa (25 pts) mPCa (35 pts) with bone or lymph node metastases metastases | miR-199b-5p | lPCa vs. mPCa | ↓ Exosomal miR-199b-5p serves as a tumor suppressor with prognostic impact in human PCa. Down-regulating miR-199b-5p might confer a proliferative advantage, accelerate migration, and promote metastasis in PCa cells |
| Bidarra et al. 2019 [94] | lPCa and mPCa (350 pts) and Healthy individuals (52 pts) | miR-182-5p and miR-375-3p | PCa vs. lPCa vs. healthy | ↑ miR-182-5p and miR-375-3p were associated with more advanced pathological stages. Higher circulating miR-375-3p levels in pts more prone to develop the metastatic disease with 71.43% accuracy. |
| Hudson et al. [98] | 28 non-cancerous tissues, 99 primary tumors and 14 distant metastases | miR-106b-25 cluster | Tumor tissues vs. metastatic tissue vs. non-cancerous tissues | ↑ miR-106-25 increased expression associated with PCa progression and disease prognosis, and caspase-7 is identified as a target of this cluster. |
↑ Increased expression ↓ decreased expression. List of abbreviations: BPH = benign prostatic hyperplasia; lPCa = localized PCa; mPCa = metastatic PCa; PCa = prostate cancer; RP = radical prostatectomy.