Table 1.
Literature review summary and some example studies for the main factors
| Factor name and researchers who addressed the factor | |
|---|---|
|
Islam and Muslim Culture* a. Abu-Raiya & Ayten, 2019 b. Alhomaizi et al., 2018 c. Al-krenawi et al., 2009 d. Altalib et al., 2019 e Bagasra & Mackinem, 2014 f. Kpobi & Swartz, 2019 g Rothman & Coyle, 2018 h. Skinner, 2010 i. Sultan et al., 2019 |
j. Tanhan, 2019 k. Tanhan & Francisco, 2019 l. Tekke et al., 2017 *This is an overall factor affecting all other factors especially through cultural beliefs about mental health issues and services. The researchers, in general, did not measure this overall factor directly |
|
Cultural Beliefs about Mental Health Issues and Services a. Al-krenawi et al., 2009 b. Amri & Bemak, 2013 c. Bagasra & Mackinem, 2014 |
d. Ciftci et al., 2013 e. Haque et al., 2016 f. Kpobi & Swartz, 2019 g. Thomas et al., 2015 h. Youssef & Deane, 2006 |
|
Knowledge of Formal Mental Health Services a. Alhomaizi et al., 2018 b. Aloud & Rathur, 2009 c. Ciftci et al., 2013 |
d. Khan, 2006 e. Tanhan & Francisco, 2019 f. Tanhan & Strack, 2020 g. Youssef & Deane, 2006 |
|
Attitudes toward Seeking Formal Mental Health Services a. Alhomaizi et al., 2018 b.Ali & Milstein, 2012 c. Aloud & Rathur, 2009 d. Amri & Bemak, 2013 e. Cook-masaud & Wiggins, 2011 f. Khan, 2006 |
g. Soheilian & Inman, 2009 h. Tanhan & Francisco, 2019 i. Tanhan & Strack, 2020 j. Thomas et al., 2015 k. Tummala-Narra & Claudius, 2013 l. Youssef & Deane, 2006 |
|
Perceived Social Stigma toward Seeking Mental Health Services and/or Issues a. Abu-Ras, 2003 b. Ali & Milstein, G. 2012 c. Aloud & Rathur, 2009 d. Amri & Bemak, 2013 |
e .Ciftci et al., 2013 f. Cook-Masaud & Wiggins, 2011 g. Herzig et al., 2013 h. Phillips & Lauterbach, 2017 i. Soheilian & Inman, 2009 j. Tanhan, 2019 k. Tanhan & Francisco, 2019 |
|
Perceived Self-efficacy (Perceived Behavioral Control: PBC)* a. Amri & Bemak, 2013 b. Ciftci et al., 2013 c. Cook-Masaud & Wiggins, 2011 d. Khan, 2006 |
e. Tanhan, 2019 f. Tanhan & Francisco, 2019 g. Youssef & Deane, 2006 *Most of these researchers mentioned this factor indirectly without naming the factor |
|
Institutional/Professional Factors: Formal mental health institutions/professionals’ low competency level a. Ahmed et al., 2014 b. Ali & Milstein, 2012 c. Aloud & Rathur, 2009 d. Amri & Bemak, 2013 e. Bagasra & Mackinem, 2014 f. Ciftci et al., 2013 g. Cook-Masaud & Wiggins, 2011 |
h. Goforth et al., 2014 i. Khan, 2006 j. Nadal et al., 2012 k. Soheilian & Inman, 2009 l. Tanhan, 2019 m. anhan & Francisco, 2019 n. Tanhan & Strack, 2020 o. Thomas et al., 2015 p. Youssef & Deane, 2006 |
|
Institutional/Professional Factors: Need for psychological (theoretical frameworks, psychotherapy) modals based on Islam to explain human nature* a. Abu-Raiya, 2015 b. Hamjah & Akhir, 2014 c. Kaplick et al., 2019 d. Keshavarzi & Haque, 2013 e. Rothman & Coyle, 2018 |
f. Tanhan, 2019 g. Tanhan & Francisco, 2019 h. Tanhan & Strack, 2020 *Many other researchers (e.g., Tanhan & Francisco, 2019) elaborated on the need for the modals based on perspective in Islam. However, the ones above provided some well-grounded modals based on perspective in Islam |
|
Use of Traditional Resources a. Amri & Bemak, 2013 b. Bektas et al., 2009 c. Bagasra & Mackinem, 2014 d. Chen et al., 2015 e. Green et al., 2019 f. Hamjah & Akhir, 2014 g. Haque et al., 2016 h. Herzig et al., 2013 i. Khan, 2006 j. Kpobi & Swartz, 2019 |
k.Nadal et al., 2012 l. Schlosser et al., 2009 m. Tanhan, 2019 n. Tanhan & Francisco, 2019 o. Tanhan & Strack, 2020 p. Thomas et al., 2015 q. Tobah, 2018 r. Tummala-Narra & Claudius, 2013 s. Vasegh & Ardestani, 2018 t. Youssef & Deane, 2006 |
|
Acculturation a. Amri & Bemak, 2013 b. Aprahamian et al., 2011 c. Bektas et al., 2009 d. Chen et al., 2015 |
e. Goforth et al., 2014 f. Tanhan & Francisco, 2019 g. Tanhan & Strack, 2020 h. Tummala-Narra & Claudius, 2013 |
|
Control Variables a. Education level: Ali & Milstein, 2012; Bagasra & Mackinem, 2014; Tanhan & Francisco, 2019 b. Sex: Alhomaizi et al., 2018; Amri & Bemak, 2013; Ciftci et al., 2013; Youssef & Deane, 2006 c. Use of mental health in the past: Ali & Milstein, 2012; Tanhan & Strack, 2020 |
e. Economic factors: Aloud & Rathur, 2009; Amri & Bemak, 2013; Cook-Masaud & Wiggins, 2011 f. Length of stay in Western countries: Aloud & Rathur, 2009; Goforth, 2014 g. Age: Goforth, 2014; Lowe et al., 2018 |
|
Intention toward Seeking Formal Mental Health Services a. Ali & Milstein, 2012 b. Amri & Bemak, 2013 c. Kelly et al., 1996 |
d. Khan, 2006 e. Tanhan, 2019 f. Tanhan & Francisco, 2019 g. Youssef & Deane, 2006 |
|
Behavior: Actual Use of Mental Health Services at Individual, Group, or Community Level a. Al-Thani & Moore, 2012 b. Dwairy, 2009 |
c. Hamdan, 2008 d. Kaplan et al., 2014 e. Tanhan & Francisco, 2019 f. Tanhan & Strack, 2020 |
We reviewed 300 peer-reviewed manuscripts published in English from 2002 to 2020, which may have led to the exclusion of some other resources (e.g., books, other work published in other languages). We have provided some examples of 300 manuscripts in the table