Figure 5.

Photothermal test of MXene-integrated hydrogel and its release profile. (a) Temperature-time curves of the microneedle patch under NIR irradiation with different MXene concentrations (in PBS solution). (b) Temperature-time curves of the microneedle patch under different NIR irradiation intensities (in PBS solution). (c) The cumulative release of adenosine from PBA-integrated hydrogel with/without 10 cycles of NIR irradiation. ^∗p < 0.05, ^∗∗p < 0.01, and ^∗∗∗p < 0.001. (d–f) Thermal images of the MN patch on rat skin (d, e) before and (f) after NIR irradiation.