Table 2.
Differentially expressed derived glycan traits contributing to distinguishing between groups of patients with thyroid diseases and healthy controls.
| Glycan traits | Descriptions | Median of TC | Median of BTN | Median of HC | P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TC vs. BTN | TC vs. HC | BTN vs. HC | |||||
| General | |||||||
| CA4 | tetraantennary species (A4) in complex glycans | 0.0274 | 0.0267 | 0.0329 | 0.2217 | 2.47E−12 | 3.35E−07 |
| Fucosylation (F) | |||||||
| A4F | in tetraantennary (A4) | 0.3266 | 0.3164 | 0.4349 | 0.4911 | 1.20E−12 | 1.48E−09 |
| A2LF | in diantennary (A2) with α2,3-sialylation | 0.5864 | 0.6050 | 0.6525 | 0.2500 | 2.22E−15 | 3.10E−06 |
| A4L0F | in tetraantennary (A4) without α2,3-sialylation | 0.4688 | 0.4090 | 0.5692 | 0.0461 | 5.69E−09 | 2.35E−06 |
| CFa | antenna-fucosylation in complex glycans | 0.0339 | 0.0393 | 0.0464 | 6.12E−05 | 1.31E−22 | 1.00E−05 |
| A2Fa | antenna-fucosylation in diantennary (A2) | 0.0393 | 0.0446 | 0.0538 | 8.00E−05 | 3.37E−24 | 2.93E−06 |
| Galactosylation(G) | |||||||
| A4G | in tetraantennary (A4) | 0.8238 | 0.8530 | 0.7383 | 0.2248 | 5.73E−14 | 2.09E−09 |
| A2FSG | in fucosylated sialylated diantennary (A2) | 0.9682 | 0.9683 | 0.9713 | 0.6702 | 5.08E−05 | 6.88E−04 |
| A4F0G | in non-fucosylated tetraantennary (A4) | 0.6734 | 0.6836 | 0.5651 | 0.4911 | 1.20E−12 | 1.48E−09 |
| Sialylation (S) | |||||||
| A4S | in tetraantennary (A4) | 0.6162 | 0.6225 | 0.5305 | 0.8391 | 2.89E−15 | 1.20E−09 |
| A4F0S | in non-fucosylated tetraantennary (A4) | 0.4663 | 0.4647 | 0.3670 | 0.8020 | 1.71E−14 | 4.44E−09 |
| A4FGS | per galactose in fucosylated tetraantennary (A4) | 0.9527 | 0.9518 | 0.9638 | 0.2843 | 2.42E−09 | 1.74E−04 |
| A4F0GS | per galactose in non-fucosylated tetraantennary (A4) | 0.7029 | 0.6942 | 0.6397 | 0.0714 | 7.19E−12 | 3.83E−04 |
| α2,3-sialylation (L) | |||||||
| A2L | in diantennary (A2) | 0.0798 | 0.0879 | 0.0962 | 5.53E−05 | 8.88E−16 | 1.59E−04 |
| A2FL | in fucosylated diantennary (A2) | 0.1216 | 0.1331 | 0.1605 | 0.0040 | 4.22E−14 | 6.93E−05 |
| A4L | in tetraantennary (A4) | 0.2498 | 0.2538 | 0.1912 | 0.7351 | 7.79E−14 | 4.15E−09 |
| A4F0L | in non-fucosylated tetraantennary (A4) | 0.1955 | 0.1891 | 0.1419 | 0.7959 | 2.44E−13 | 7.78E−08 |
| A2GL | per galactose in diantennary (A2) | 0.0891 | 0.0984 | 0.1052 | 1.95E−05 | 1.55E−15 | 5.15E−04 |
| A4FGL | per galactose in fucosylated tetraantennary (A4) | 0.3545 | 0.3976 | 0.2826 | 0.0619 | 1.69E−07 | 1.59E−05 |
| α2,6-sialylation (E) | |||||||
| A4E | in tetraantennary (A4) | 0.3668 | 0.3634 | 0.3390 | 0.2989 | 5.11E−15 | 6.86E−08 |
| A4FE | in fucosylated tetraantennary (A4) | 0.0910 | 0.0914 | 0.1191 | 0.6936 | 4.20E−11 | 7.12E−09 |
| A4F0E | in non-fucosylated tetraantennary (A4) | 0.2773 | 0.2734 | 0.2245 | 0.7232 | 5.53E−14 | 6.23E−09 |
| A4FGE | per galactose in fucosylated tetraantennary (A4) | 0.5967 | 0.5510 | 0.6807 | 0.0631 | 5.55E−08 | 1.59E−05 |
Descriptions of the derived traits, median values of derived glycan traits in TC, BTN, and HC as well as p-values for the comparison by Mann–Whitney U test for the cohort are shown. The p values considered significant are below the significance threshold of 5.49E−4 (= p-value of 0.05 after multiple testing correction for 91 derived traits). The p-values highlighted indicated significance. Red and blue indicate the direction of changes up-regulation and down-regulation, respectively. Derived traits in gray shading showed the potential of distinguishing among the three groups of TC, BTN, and HC. TC, thyroid cancer; BTN, benign thyroid nodules; HC, healthy control. The subject of the derived traits calculation is represented by the last letter, e.g., galactosylation (G), and the group on which it is calculated by the preceding letters, e.g., fucosylated sialylated diantennary species (A2FS). This, for instance, translates A2FSG into the galactosylation per antenna within fucosylated sialylated diantennary glycans.