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The total antioxidant activities (TAA) of WPEO, BPEO, and synthetic antioxidants (BHT, PG, and Vc) (A) and seven standards (B). (Data are reported as the mean ± SD of three replicates. Bars and lines with different letters are significantly different at p ≤ 0.05 according to one-way ANOVA; WPEO, white pepper essential oil; BPEO, black pepper essential oil; BHT, butylated hydroxytoluene; PG, propylgallate; Vc, ascorbic acid).
