TABLE 1.
Alterations of the gut microbiota in different geriatric diseases.
| Disease | Subjects | Gut microbiota alterations | References |
| Alzheimer’s disease | AD human patients | Bacteroides↓; Ruminococcus↑; Actinobacteria↑; Lachnospiraceae↓ | Zhuang et al., 2018 |
| AD human patients | Escherichia/Shigella (pro-inflammatory taxon) ↑; E. rectale (anti-inflammatory taxon) ↓ | Cattaneo et al., 2017 | |
| AD human patients | Butyrivibrio/Eubacterium/Clostridium (key butyrate-producing species)↓; O. splanchnicus↑; K. pneumonia↑ | Haran et al., 2019 | |
| AD human patients | microbial richness and diversity↓; Firmicutes↓; Bacteroidetes↑; Bifidobacterium↓ | Vogt et al., 2017 | |
| APP/PS1 mice | Microbiota diversity↓; Helicobacteraceae↑; Desulfovibrionaceae↑; Odoribacter↑; Helicobacter↑; Prevotella↓ | Shen et al., 2017 | |
| 5 × FAD mice | Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes ratio↑; Clostridium leptum↑ | Brandscheid et al., 2017 | |
| Parkinson’s disease | PD human patients | Prevotellaceae↓; Enterobacteriaceae↑ | Scheperjans et al., 2015 |
| PD human patients | Intestinal permeability↑; E. coli bacteria↑; | Forsyth et al., 2011 | |
| PD human patients | Blautia↓; Coprococcus↓; Roseburia↓; Faecalibacterium↓; Ralstonia↑ | Keshavarzian et al., 2015 | |
| PD human patients | Lactobacillus↑; Faecalibacterium↓; Coprococcus↓; Blautia↓; Bifidobacteriu↑;Verrucomicrobiaceae↑ | Gerhardt and Mohajeri, 2018 | |
| PD human patients | Bacteroides↑; Prevotella↓; Parabacteroides↑; Verrucomicrobia↑; Akkermansia↑; Butyricimonas↑; Veillonella↑; Odoribacter↑; Mucispirillum↑; Bilophila↑; Enterococcus↑; Lactobacillus↑ | Lin et al., 2019 | |
| Hypertension | Hypertension patients | Microbial richness and diversity↓; Prevotella↑; Klebsiella↑; Porphyromonas↑; Actinomyces↑; Faecalibacterium↓; Oscillibacter↓; Roseburia↓; Bifidobacterium↓; Coprococcus↓; Butyrivibrio↓ | Li et al., 2017 |
| Hypertension patients and SHRs rat | Microbial richness and diversity↓; Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio↑; Acetate- and butyrate-producing bacteria (Coprococcus and Pseudobutyrivibrio)↓; lactate-producing bacteria (Streptococcus and Turicibacter)↑ | Yang et al., 2015 | |
| Atherosclerosis | Atherosclerosis patients | Collinsella↑; Eubacterium↓; Roseburia↓; Bacteroides↓ | Karlsson et al., 2012 |
| Atherosclerosis patients | Escherichia coli↑; Klebsiella spp.↑; Enterobacter aerogenes↑; Streptococcus spp.↑;Lactobacillus salivarius↑; Solobacterium moorei↑; Atopobium parvulum↑; Bacteroides spp.↓; Prevotella copri↓; Alistipes shahii↓ | Jie et al., 2017 | |
| Type 2 diabetes mellitus | T2DM patients | Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio↓; Clostridia↓; Proteobacteria↑; Bacilli↑ | Larsen et al., 2010 |
| T2DM patients | Verrucomicrobiae↓; butyrate producing bacteria (Akkermansia muciniphila and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii)↓ | Zhang et al., 2013 | |
| T2DM patients | Lactobacillus↑; Bifidobacteria↓ | Sedighi et al., 2017 | |
| Faecalibacterium prausnitzii↓; Akkermansia muciniphila↓ | Fassatoui et al., 2019 |