Table 1.
Characteristics of included studies.
| Author (Year) | Country | Sample Size (n) | Males | Age 1 | DELC Prevalence | CAD Prevalence | DELC Definition | Reference Standard |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brady (1987) [8] | USA | 261 | 100% | DELC+ 60 | 67% | 69% | At least unilateral | ICA |
| DELC− 52 | ||||||||
| Gibson (1986) [39] | USA | 100 | 68% | Males 65 | 73% | 59% | At least unilateral | ICA |
| Females 70 | ||||||||
| Faxas (1995) [36] | Cuba | 144 | NA | NA | 53% | 59% | At least unilateral | ICA |
| Hanna (1981) [37] | USA | 172 | 100% | 94% below 50 | 22% | 19% | At least unilateral | ICA |
| Hou (2015) [46] | China | 956 | 57% | CAD+ 55 ± 9 | 72%, 33% | 47% | At least unilateral, bilateral | ICA |
| CAD− 51 ± 8 | ||||||||
| Kenny (1989) [40] | Ireland | 125 | 90% | Range 35–90 | 52% | 81% | At least unilateral | ICA |
| Miot (2006) [44] | Brazil | 110 | 100% | 58 ± 12 | 52% | 73% | Bilateral | ICA |
| Pasternac (1982) [41] | Canada | 340 | 74% | 50 ± 8 | 49% | 60% | At least unilateral | ICA |
| Salamati (2008) [38] | Iran | 106 | 66% | 50 ± 14 | 44% | 54% | At least unilateral | ICA |
| Shmilovich (2012) [29] | USA | 430 | 61% | 61 ± 13 | 71% | 17% | Bilateral | CTA |
| Toyosaki (1986) [45] | Japan | 200 | 76% | 72% above 50 | 17% | 60% | At least unilateral | ICA |
| Wang (2016) [42] | China | 558 | 72% | 64 | 70%, 53% | 80% | At least unilateral, bilateral | ICA |
| Wu (2014) [43] | China | 449 | 62% | 63 ± 12 | 62% | 56% | At least unilateral | ICA |
1 Mean age ± standard deviation or other if specified; CAD, coronary artery disease; CTA, computed tomography angiography; DELC, diagonal earlobe crease; ICA, invasive coronary angiography; NA, not available.