Structural analyses of RAGE. (A) Schematic representation of full-length RAGE domain. RAGE consists of a variable (V) domain, two constant (C1 and C2) domains, a transmembrane region, and a cytoplasmic tail. (B) RAGE isoforms. RAGE isoforms in the illustration include (from left to right) full-length RAGE, oligomers, dominant-negative RAGE (DN-RAGE), N-truncated RAGE (N-RAGE), endogenous secretory (esRAGE), and soluble form RAGE (sRAGE). (C) The surface of RAGE colored according to electrostatic charges (PDB ID: 4YBH). Positively charged areas are shown in blue, and negative charged areas in red. The figure was prepared using PyMOL.