Figure 2.

RAGE signal transduction pathway. RAGE interacts with a diverse spectrum of extracellular ligands and multiple signal transduction pathways, including PI3K, p28MAPK, Rho GTPase, Rac1, and JAK pathways. At the transcriptional level, NF-κB, AP-1, and Stat3 have upregulated as vital targets of RAGE signaling, nevertheless other transcription factors.