Table 1.
Patient characteristics.
| Demographics | iCCA (n = 139) |
|---|---|
| Gender, m/f (%) | 61 (43.9)/78 (56.1) |
| Age (years) | 65 ± 12 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26 ± 5 |
| Portal vein embolization, n (%) | 12 (8.6) |
| ASA, n (%) | |
| I | 3 (2.2) |
| II | 56 (40.6) |
| III | 74 (53.6) |
| IV | 5 (3.6) |
| V | 0 |
| Preoperative chemotherapy | 13 (9.4) |
| Radiological Characteristics | |
| Number of nodules, n (%) | |
| 1 | 98 (70.5) |
| 2–3 | 17 (12.2) |
| 4–5 | 10 (7.2) |
| >5 | 14 (10.1) |
| Largest tumor diameter (cm), n (%) | |
| ≤3 | 18 (12.9) |
| >3, ≤5 | 22 (15.8) |
| >5, ≤10 | 59 (42.4) |
| >10, ≤15 | 30 (21.6) |
| >15 | 10 (7.2) |
| Macrovascular invasion, n (%) | 57 (41.0) |
| Site of invasion, n (%) | |
| Portal vein | 16 (28.1) |
| Hepatic artery | 3 (5.3) |
| Hepatic vein | 11 (19.3) |
| Vena cava | 2 (3.5) |
| Multiple | 25 (43.9) |
| Risk stratification, n (%) | |
| 1 nodule, ≤3 cm | 18 (12.9) |
| 1 nodule, >3cm | 80 (57.6) |
| ≥2 nodules | 41 (29.5) |
| Tumor localization, n (%) | |
| Peripherally located | 66 (47.5) |
| Central mass | 73 (52.5) |
| Clinical Chemistry | |
| AST (U/L) | 55 ± 90 |
| GGT (U/L) | 254 ± 328 |
| Total bilirubin (mg/dL) | 1.1 ± 3.6 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 13.0 ± 1.7 |
| Platelet count (/nL) | 263 ± 88 |
| INR | 1.0 ± 0.1 |
| Prothrombin time (%) | 99 ± 14 |
| Operative Data | |
| Operative time (minutes) | 311 ± 116 |
| Operative procedure, n (%) | |
| Atypical/Monosegmentectomy | 19 (13.7) |
| Bisegmentectomy | 14 (10.1) |
| Hemihepatectomy | 49 (35.3) |
| Extended hepatectomy | 26 (18.7) |
| Trisectionectomy | 17 (12.2) |
| Mesohepatectomy | 4 (2.9) |
| ALPPS | 10 (7.2) |
| Intraoperative PRBC, n (%) | 44 (31.7) |
| Pathological Examination | |
| R0 resection, n (%) | 121 (88.4) |
| pT category, n (%) | |
| I | 57 (41.0) |
| II | 57 (41.0) |
| III | 15 (10.8) |
| IV | 10 (7.2) |
| pN category, n (%) | |
| N0 | 81 (63.3) |
| N1 | 47 (36.7) |
| Tumor grading, n (%) | |
| G1 | 0 |
| G2 | 87 (69.6) |
| G3 | 35 (28.0) |
| G4 | 3 (2.4) |
| MVI, n (%) | 45 (33.8) |
| LVI, n (%) | 30 (23.3) |
| Postoperative Data | |
| Intensive care, days | 4 ± 9 |
| Hospitalization, days | 18 ± 17 |
| Postoperative complications, n (%) | |
| No complications | 51 (36.7) |
| Clavien–Dindo I | 5 (3.6) |
| Clavien–Dindo II | 26 (18.7) |
| Clavien–Dindo IIIa | 29 (20.9) |
| Clavien–Dindo IIIb | 10 (7.2) |
| Clavien–Dindo IVa | 6 (4.3) |
| Clavien–Dindo IVb | 1 (0.7) |
| Clavien–Dindo V | 11 (7.9) |
| Oncologic Data | |
| Adjuvant chemotherapy, n (%) | 43 (32.6) |
| Recurrence, n (%) | 77 (56.6) |
| Median RFS, months (95% CI) | 12 (8–16) |
| Median OS, months (95% CI) | 25 (17–33) |
Data presented as mean and standard deviation if not noted otherwise. ALPPS: Associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy; ASA: American society of anesthesiologists classification; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; BMI: body mass index; CSS: cancer-specific survival; GGT: gamma glutamyltransferase; iCCA; intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma; INR: international normalized ratio; LVI: lympho-vascular invasion; MVI: microvascular invasion; OS: overall survival; PRBC: packed red blood cells; RFS: disease free survival; UICC: Union for International Cancer Control.