Table A2.
Patient characteristics stratified by survivors and deceased patients.
| Demographics | Survivors (n = 29) |
Deceased Patients (n = 86) |
p Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gender, m/f (%) | 10 (34.5)/19 (65.5) | 40 (46.5)/46 (53.5) | .258 |
| Age (years) | 60 (55–71) | 68 (57–74) | .133 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26 (23–30) | 25 (22–29) | .551 |
| Portal vein embolization, n (%) | 1 (3.4) | 10 (11.6) | .195 |
| ASA, n (%) | .020 | ||
| I | 2 (7.1) | 1 (1.2) | |
| II | 12 (42.9) | 34 (39.5) | |
| III | 11 (39.3) | 50 (58.1) | |
| IV | 3 (10.7) | 1 (1.2) | |
| V | |||
| Preoperative Chemotherapy | 1 (3.4) | 9 (10.5) | .246 |
| Radiological Characteristics | |||
| Number of nodules, n (%) | .014 | ||
| 1 | 27 (93.1) | 53 (61.6) | |
| 2–3 | 1 (3.4) | 14 (16.3) | |
| 4–5 | 1 (3.4) | 7 (8.1) | |
| >5 | 0 | 12 (14.0) | |
| Largest tumor diameter (cm), n (%) | .003 | ||
| ≤3 | 8 (27.6) | 3 (3.5) | |
| >3, ≤5 | 4 (13.8) | 10 (11.6) | |
| >5, ≤10 | 12 (41.4) | 41 (47.7) | |
| >10, ≤15 | 4 (13.8) | 23 (26.7) | |
| >15 | 1 (3.4) | 9 (10.5) | |
| Macrovascular invasion, n (%) | 7 (24.1) | 46 (53.5) | .006 |
| Risk stratification, n (%) | .001 | ||
| 1 nodule, ≤3 cm | 8 (27.6) | 3 (3.5) | |
| 1 nodule, >3 cm | 19 (65.5) | 50 (58.1) | |
| ≥2 nodules | 2 (6.9) | 33 (38.4) | |
| Tumor localization, n (%) | .147 | ||
| Peripherally located | 18 (62.1) | 40 (46.5) | |
| Central mass | 11 (37.9) | 46 (53.5) | |
| Clinical Chemistry | |||
| AST (U/L) | 21 (16–48) | 34 (28–55) | .166 |
| GGT (U/L) | 77 (27–219) | 186 (82–375) | .005 |
| Total bilirubin (mg/dL) | 0.5 (0.4–0.7) | 0.5 (0.3–0.8) | .847 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 13.9 (13.0–14.4) | 12.9 (11.8–14.2) | .011 |
| Platelet count (/nL) | 253 (216–280) | 254 (191–316) | .992 |
| INR | 0.98 (0.92–1.05) | 1.00 (0.96–1.07) | .087 |
| Prothrombin time (%) | 103 (93–115) | 100 (90–106) | .051 |
| Operative Data | |||
| Operative time (minutes) | 285 (188–350) | 298 (230–376) | .298 |
| Operative procedure, n (%) | .228 | ||
| Atypical/Monosegmentectomy | 8 (27.6) | 8 (9.3) | |
| Bisegmentectomy | 3 (10.3) | 7 (8.1) | |
| Hemihepatectomy | 8 (27.6) | 30 (34.9) | |
| Extended hepatectomy | 6 (20.7) | 17 (19.8) | |
| Trisectionectomy | 2 (6.9) | 13 (15.1) | |
| Mesohepatectomy | 1 (3.4) | 2 (2.3) | |
| ALPPS | 1 (3.4) | 9 (10.5) | |
| Intraoperative PRBC, n (%) | 4 (13.9) | 38 (44.2) | .003 |
| Pathological Examination | |||
| R0 resection, n (%) | 27 (93.1) | 74 (86.0) | .459 |
| pT category, n (%) | .024 | ||
| I | 18 (62.1) | 22 (25.6) | |
| II | 8 (27.6) | 43 (50.0) | |
| III | 2 (6.9) | 12 (14.0) | |
| IV | 1 (3.4) | 9 (10.5) | |
| pN category, n (%) | .001 | ||
| N0 | 23 (88.5) | 42 (51.9) | |
| N1 | 3 (11.5) | 39 (48.1) | |
| Tumor grading, n (%) | .098 | ||
| G1 | 0 | 0 | |
| G2 | 22 (88.0) | 48 (61.5) | |
| G3 | 3 (12.0) | 27 (34.6) | |
| G4 | 0 | 3 (3.8) | |
| MVI, n (%) | 5 (19.2) | 37 (44.6) | .052 |
| LVI, n (%) | 1 (4.0) | 28 (35.0) | .002 |
| Postoperative Data | |||
| Intensive care, days | 1 (1–2) | 1 (1–4) | .026 |
| Hospitalization, days | 9 (7–15) | 16 (10–30) | .001 |
| Postoperative complications, n (%) | .083 | ||
| No complications | 15 (51.7) | 23 (26.7) | |
| Clavien–Dindo I | 1 (3.4) | 2 (2.3) | |
| Clavien–Dindo II | 7 (24.1) | 18 (20.9) | |
| Clavien–Dindo IIIa | 5 (17.2) | 19 (22.1) | |
| Clavien–Dindo IIIb | 0 | 8 (9.3) | |
| Clavien–Dindo IVa | 1 (3.4) | 5 (5.8) | |
| Clavien–Dindo IVb | 0 | 0 | |
| Clavien–Dindo V | 0 | 11 (12.8) | |
| Oncologic Data | |||
| Adjuvant chemotherapy, n (%) | 10 (34.5) | 22 (25.9) | .373 |
| Recurrence, n (%) | 11 (37.9) | 61 (72.6) | .001 |
Data presented as median and interquartile range if not noted otherwise. Categorical data were statistically analyzed using the chi-squared test, fisher’s exact test, or linear-by-linear association in accordance with scale and number of cases. Continuous variables were compared by the Mann–Whitney U-test. Patients were defined as survivors if they were still alive during follow-up and lived longer than 25 months (the median OS of the overall cohort was 25 months). Patients were defined as deceased patients if they deceased during follow-up. ALPPS: associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy; ASA: American society of anesthesiologists classification; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; BMI: body mass index; CSS: cancer-specific survival; GGT: gamma glutamyltransferase; iCCA: intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma; INR: international normalized ratio; LVI: lympho-vascular invasion; MVI: microvascular invasion; OS: overall survival; PRBC: packed red blood cells; RFS: disease free survival; UICC: Union for International Cancer Control. Significant changes are marked in bold.