Fig. 4.

NF-κB signaling pathway activation in response to GEV stimulation in mouse macrophages. a GEVs were inoculated into mouse macrophages previously coated onto coverslips for 1 h, and immunofluorescence staining analysis of the subcellular location of NF-κB p65 was performed. Scale bars: 10 μm. b GEVs were inoculated into mouse macrophages, and cells were collected at the indicated time points for measurement of total protein and phosphorylated NF-κB p65, IκBα, IKKα and IKKβ protein expression levels by western blotting. c Gray value analysis of phospho-p65/β-actin. d Gray value analysis of phospho-IκBα/β-actin. e Gray value analysis of phospho-IKKαβ/β-actin. The results are shown as the mean ± SEM of triplicate experiments. Significant differences vs 0-h control: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001