XA and haloperidol chronic effect on VTA and SN spontaneous neuronal firing. Three groups of six rats were daily i.p injected with vehicle, haloperidol (0.5 mg/kg) or XA (100 mg/kg) in 1 mL volume, respectively for 21 days and recorded at D22 in the conditions given in the methods section. Each of the data point (circles) represents the average number of active neurons found in the tracks explored per rat for left and right SN or VTA, respectively. Bar chart histogram of the mean (±SEM) data for the six rats per condition. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001 Statistical significance obtained with one-way ANOVA followed by Newman-Keuls multiple comparison test for VTA. For SN data, since the Veh-group did not pass the normality test, the non-parametric statistical Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the Halo-group to the Veh- and XA-group.