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. 2021 Jun 28;10(13):2866. doi: 10.3390/jcm10132866

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Incidence of renal outcomes in patients with AF receiving NOACs, compared with the one in patients taking warfarin. The figure was drawn based on the published data in reference [82]. AKI: acute kidney injury, defined as hospitalization or emergency department visit with a primary or secondary diagnosis code of AKI; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate. Kidney failure was defined as eGFR lower than 15 mL/min per 1.73 m², having a kidney transplant, or undergoing long-term dialysis.