Table 1.
Baseline characteristics and univariable associations with severe complications.
| No Patients = 1088 | Odds Ratio (95% CI) |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Missing | All | Severe Complication | ||||
| Predictors | Yes | No | p–Value | |||
| Demographics | ||||||
| Age Years (mean and SD) | – | 77.67 (5.2) | 78.5 (5.2) | 77.51 (5.1) | 1.038 (1.01–1.07) | 0.017 |
| Age Categories | ||||||
| 70–74 | – | 383 (35) | 47 (12) | 336 (88) | reference | |
| 75–79 | – | 353 (32) | 62 (18) | 291 (82) | 1.52 (1.01–2.30) | 0.044 |
| 80–84 | – | 241 (22) | 40 (17) | 201 (83) | 1.42 (0.90–2.25) | 0.13 |
| 85+ | – | 111 (10) | 22 (20) | 89 (80) | 1.77 (1.01–3.09) | 0.045 |
| Gender | – | |||||
| Females | – | 498 (46) | 60 (12) | 439 (88) | reference | |
| Males | – | 590 (54) | 111 (19) | 479 (81) | 1.69 (1.2–2.38) | 0.002 |
| BMI kg/m2 (mean and SD) | – | 26.48 (11.4) | 26.8 (4.4) | 26.4 (12.3) | 1 (0.99–1.01) | 0.71 |
| BMI Categories | ||||||
| <25 kg/m2 | – | 464 (43) | 62 (13) | 402 (87) | reference | |
| 25–30 kg/m2 | – | 467 (43) | 81 (17) | 386 (83) | 1.36 (0.95–1.95) | 0.09 |
| >30 kg/m2 | – | 157 (14) | 28 (18) | 129 (82) | 1.41 (0.86–2.29) | 0.17 |
| Comorbidity | ||||||
| History of Abdominal Surgery | – | 460 (42) | 75 (16) | 385 (84) | 1.08 (0.78–1.50) | 0.65 |
| Cardiac Comorbidity | – | 401 (37) | 74 (18) | 327 (82) | 1.38 (0.99–1.92) | 0.06 |
| COPD/Asthma/Emphysema | – | 110 (10) | 30 (27) | 80 (73) | 2.27 (1.41–3.51) | 0.001 |
| Previous PE or DVT a | – | 52 (5) | 15 (29) | 37 (71) | 2.56 (1.25–4.44) | 0.008 |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index (median and range) | 1 (0–2) | 1 (0–8) | 1 (0–7) | 1.27 (1.03–1.56) | 0.022 | |
| Comorbidity CCI ≥ 2 | – | 392 (36) | 76 (19) | 318 (81) | 1.49 (1.07–2.07) | 0.02 |
| ASA Score (mean and SD) | 2.3 (0.6) | 2.4 (0.7) | 2.2 (0.6) | 1.61 (1.24–2.07) | <0.001 | |
| I–II | – | 734 (67) | 97 (13) | 637 (87) | reference | |
| III–IV | – | 354 (33) | 74 (21) | 280 (79) | 1.74 (1.24–2.42) | 0.001 |
| Tumour Location | ||||||
| Colon | – | 818 (75) | 120 (15) | 698 (85) | reference | |
| Rectum | – | 270 (25) | 51 (19) | 219 (81) | 1.35 (0.94–1.94) | 0.099 |
| Tumour Stage | ||||||
| I | – | 336 (31) | 54 (16) | 282 (84) | reference | |
| II | – | 411 (38) | 63 (15) | 348 (85) | 0.95 (0.64–1.04) | 0.78 |
| III | – | 341 (31) | 54 (16) | 287 (84) | 0.98 (0.65–1.48) | 0.93 |
| Surgical Approach | ||||||
| Laparoscopic | – | 877 (81) | 119 (14) | 758 (86) | reference | |
| Open | – | 211 (19) | 52 (25) | 159 (75) | 2.08 (1.44–3.01) | <0.001 |
| Geriatric | ||||||
| Katz ADL (mean and SD) | 15 | 0.3 (0.8) | 0.5 (1.3) | 0.2 (0.7) | 1.38 (1.18–1.61) | <0.001 |
| score ≥2 | 65 (6) | 22 (34) | 43 (66) | 2.97 (1.73–5.11) | <0.001 | |
| Reported Falls | 76 | 129 (12) | 24 (19) | 105 (81) | 1.19 (0.74–1.92) | 0.47 |
| Risk for Malnutrition | 12 | 215 (20) | 37 (17) | 156 (73) | 1.35 (0.90–2.02) | 0.1 |
| Risk for Delirium (mean and SD) | 18 | 0.3 (0.6) | 0.5 (0.8) | 0.2 (0.6) | 1.69 (1.34–2.12) | <0.001 |
| Delirium Score ≥1 | 210 (19) | 56 (27) | 154 (73) | 2.38 (1.65–3.42) | <0.001 | |
| Medication Use (mean and SD) | 18 | 4 (0–17) | 5 (0–17) | 4 (0–16) | 1.1 (1.05–1.56) | <0.001 |
| Polypharmacy (No. ≥5) | 490 (45) | 103 (21) | 387 (79) | 2.18 (1.55–3.07) | <0.001 | |
| Preoperative Use of a Mobility Aid | 21 | 191 (18) | 51 (27) | 116 (61) | 2.39 (1.64–3.47) | <0.001 |
Mean with Standard Deviation (SD). Median with (range) and frequencies with percentage (%). Odds Ratio’s with 95% Confidence Interval (CI). a PE, Pulmonary Embolism; DVT, Deep Venous Thrombosis.