Table 1.
Demographic, anthropometric and clinical characteristics of patients
| Characteristic | Total (n = 200) |
|---|---|
| Sex, no. (%) | |
| Male | 118(59) |
| Female | 82(41) |
| Age (years), mean (SD, range) | 65(12.1, 20–89) |
| Education, no. (%) | |
| Illiterate | 96(48) |
| Primary | 47(23) |
| Secondary | 30(15) |
| Diploma | 19(10) |
| Academic | 8(4) |
| Household size, no. (%) | |
| 1 | 30(15) |
| 2 | 89(45) |
| 3 | 49(24) |
| 4 or more | 32(16) |
| Socioeconomic status, no. (%) | |
| Low | 85(42) |
| Middle | 95(48) |
| High | 20(10) |
| Smoking status, no. (%) | |
| Non-smoker | 130(65) |
| Former-smoker | 48(24) |
| Current smoker | 22(11) |
| BMI category, no. (%) | |
| Under weight | 2(1) |
| Normal | 66(33) |
| Overweight | 80(40) |
| Obese | 52(26) |
| Weight loss in the last 6 months (yes), no. (%) | 87(44) |
| Waist circumference (cm), mean (SD) | 95 (25) |
| Supplement usea, no. (%) | 46(23) |
| History of disease, no. (%) | |
| Heart disease | 70(35) |
| Diabetes | 99(50) |
| Hypertension | 131(66) |
| Hyperlipidemia | 74(37) |
| Heart failure duration (years), mean (SD, range) | 2.6(3.6, 0.1–21) |
| FBS (mg/dl), mean (SD) | 146(67) |
| TC (mg/dl), mean (SD) | 142(47) |
| TG (mg/dl), mean (SD) | 112(61) |
| HDL (mg/dl), mean (SD) | 39(10) |
| LDL (mg/dl), mean (SD) | 80(39) |
| Ejection fraction (%), mean (SD) | 27(11.7) |
SD indicated standard deviation, BMI body mass index, FBS fasting blood sugar, TC total cholesterol, TG triglyceride, HDL high density lipoprotein, LDL low density lipoprotein, BUN blood urea nitrogen, NA sodium, K potassium
aSupplement use was indicated as taking at least one of the Iron, Zinc, vitamin D, vitamin B groups, vitamin C and E supplementations