Table 4.
Association of risk factors with severe adult-onset asthma by using a medication-based definition of severe asthma (Sev-OCS). Multivariate model
| Model 1 Univariate regression model |
Model 2 Multiple regression model n = 1173 |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR1 (95% CI) | p1 | OR2 (95% CI) | p2 | |
| Male sex | ||||
|
No Yes |
1 1.20 (0.90–1.61) |
.21 |
1 1.03 (0.73–1.46) |
.87 |
| Age1 | 1.008 (1.00–1.02) | .20 | 1.012 (1.00–1.03) | .092 |
| BMI1 | 1.03 (1.00–1.06) | .059 | 1.31 (0.92–1.87) | .13 |
| Baccalaureate/secondary school | ||||
|
No Yes |
1 0.86 (0.63–1.17) |
.33 | Not entered | |
| Professional training | ||||
|
No Yes |
1 0.81 (0.58–1.12) |
.20 | Not entered | |
| Ever smokers | ||||
|
No Yes |
1 1.70 (1.25–2.31) |
.001 |
1 1.69 (1.19–2.40) |
.003 |
| 1st child | ||||
|
No Yes |
1 1.37 (1.01–1.86) |
.043 |
1 1.34 (0.96–1.86) |
.088 |
| ≥ 2 siblings | ||||
|
No Yes |
1 0.92 (0.65–1.29) |
.62 | Not entered | |
| Growing up in the countryside/on a farm | ||||
|
No Yes |
1 0.72 (0.52–0.99) |
.041 |
1 0.69 (0.48–0.99) |
.046 |
| Severe childhood infections2 | ||||
|
No Yes |
1 1.28 (0.89–1.84) |
.19 |
1 1.03 (0.69–1.54) |
.88 |
| Parental smoking | ||||
|
No Yes |
1 1.23 (0.92–1.64) |
.16 |
1 1.24 (0.90–1.69) |
.19 |
| Parental asthma and/or allergy | ||||
|
No Yes |
1 1.02 (0.75–1.37) |
.92 | Not entered | |
| NERD | ||||
|
No Yes |
1 1.37 (0.89–2.11) |
.15 |
1 1.68 (1.06–2.69) |
.029 |
| CRSwNP | ||||
|
No Yes |
1 0.98 (0.62–1.54) |
.92 | Not entered | |
| ≥ 1 other disease3 | ||||
|
No Yes |
1 1.73 (1.24–2.43) |
.001 |
1 1.49 (1.03–2.18) |
.037 |
| ≥ 1 other allergic disease (AR/AC/AD) | ||||
|
No Yes |
1 1.14 (0.83–1.55) |
.42 | Not entered |
Bold values denote statistical significance at the p < 0.05 level
Model 1 = Univariate analysis. Model 2 = Multivariable analysis by the twelve variables that were associated at the p < 0.2 level in Model 1). In addition, we wanted to force age (p = 0.20) and sex (p = 0.021) in model 2 to obtain a more comparable model to the first model. Hence, a total of 10 variables were entered in a multivariable model. NERD = patient-reported NSAID-exacerbated respiratory disease; CRSwNP = chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps; AR = allergic rhinitis; AC = allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, AD = atopic dermatitis. 1continuous variables. 2pneumonia before or during school age and/or hospitalization due to infection at ≤ 3 years of age. 3Hypertension (n = 298), coronary artery disease (n = 120), rheumatoid arthritis (n = 60), psychiatric disorder (n = 86), diabetes (n = 54), glaucoma (n = 49), back disease (n = 367), arthritis (n = 244), empyema (n = 106), other chronic disease(s) except chronic bronchitis/bronchiectasis (n = 449). Education level = baccalaureate/secondary versus primary school; professional training = completed professional college/university/courses/trade school versus no professional training. OR = odds ratio. CI = confidence interval. Severe asthma (Sev-OCS) was defined as those who reported regular use of oral corticosteroid in e and/or ≥ 2 corticosteroid courses/year due to asthma