Table 1.

Interaction between gut microbiome and minerals.

Intervention	Study Population	Main Outcome	References
Soluble maize fiber	24 adolescent children (12–15 years)	Fractional Ca2+ absorption was 12% higher after treatment. Phylum Bacteroidetes was significantly greater	Whissner et al. [19]
Mg2+ oxide	60 young children with functional constipation (>6 month to <6 years)	Decrease in stool consistency and suppressed presence of the genus Dialister	Kubota et al. [77]
Iron sulfate	53 patients with IBD	Decreased abundances of Ruminococcus bromii, Dorea sp., Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Collinsella aerofaciens	Lee at a. [93]
Zn-biofortified wheat diet	Animal model (Gallus gallus)	Increased β-microbial diversity and increased Zn-dependent bacterial metabolic pathways	Reed at al. [129]
Se- and Zn-enriched Lactobacillus plantarum	Animal model (Mus musculus)	Increased antioxidant activity and blood Se level	Kang et al. [135]