Table 1.
Maternal baseline, GDM, labour and birth, and newborn characteristics
| Characteristic | N | Total | Babies with hypoglycaemiaa, b | Babies with no hypoglycaemia | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mother | |||||
| Age in years | 106 | Mean 32.3 (range 19–45) | 32.6 years | 32.3 years | 0.8 |
| BMI in kg/m2 | 106 | ||||
| Normal (18.5–25) | 19 (18%) | 2 | 17 | - | |
| Overweight (25.01–30) | 32 (30) | 3 | 29 | 0.9 | |
| Obese (> 30) | 55 (52) | 10 | 45 | 0.4 | |
| Parity | 106 | ||||
| 0 | 45 (41) | 7 | 38 | - | |
| 1 or more | 61 (59) | 8 | 53 | 0.8 | |
| Ethnicity | 106 | ||||
| White Caucasian | 59 (54) | 10 | 49 | - | |
| Non-white | 47 (46) | 5 | 42 | 0.5 | |
| GDM | |||||
| OGTT mmol/L | |||||
| fasting | 99 | 5.1 (4.0–11.5) | 5.5 mmol/L | 5.1 mmol/L | 0.3 |
| 1-h | 93 | 9.7 (4.1–15.5) | 10.3 | 9.6 | 0.2 |
| 2-h | 95 | 7.4 (3.8–13.5) | 7.6 | 7.4 | 0.8 |
| HbA1c (%) | 100 | 5.2 (4.0–6.6) | 5.2% | 5.2% | 0.7 |
| Diabetes control | 106 | ||||
| Diet alone | 56 (52) | 7 | 49 | - | |
| Metformin | 35 (34) | 6 | 29 | 0.5 | |
| Insulin (± metformin) | 13 (12) | 2 | 11 | 0.9 | |
| Labour and delivery | |||||
| Onset of labour | 106 | ||||
| Spontaneous | 41 (38) | 4 | 37 | - | |
| Induced | 44 (42) | 8 | 36 | 0.3 | |
| No labour | 21 (20) | 3 | 18 | 0.6 | |
| Intrapartum BG | 99 | ||||
| Self | 91 (92) | 11 | 80 | - | |
| Variable rate insulin intravenous infusion | 8 (8) | 2 | 6 | 0.3 | |
| Mode of delivery | 106 | ||||
| Vaginal spontaneous | 60 (57) | 7 | 53 | ||
| Vaginal assisted | 14 (13) | 3 | 11 | 0.3 | |
| Caesarean section | 32 (30) | 5 | 27 | 0.6 | |
| Neonatal characteristics | |||||
| Sex | 106 | ||||
| Male | 58 (55) | 8 | 50 | 0.9 | |
| Gestational age at delivery | 106 | 275 days (range 259–290) | 278 | 275 | 0.1 |
| Birthweight | 106 | ||||
| > 90th centile | 24 (23) | 0 | 24 | - | |
| < 10th centile | 5 (5) | 0 | 5 | - | |
| Feeding characteristics | |||||
| Mode of first feed | 103 | ||||
| Breast | 92 (89) | 14 | 78 | 0.4 | |
aHypoglycaemia as per pragmatic definition including biochemical and clinical signs. b N unless units given