Figure 3.

A schematic representation of mtDNA-mediated inflammation in relevant neurodegenerative diseases. The known alterations that lead to inflammation and neurodegenerative disease are presented. Different mutations or aberrancies lead to accumulation of damage in different ways. We propose that accumulation of defective mitochondrial due to impaired mitophagy and the accumulation of oxidative stress are common factors that link mtDNA-dependent inflammation within these pathologies. Abbreviations: amyloid-beta (Aβ); NOD-like receptor, pyrin containing protein 3 (NLRP3); reactive oxygen species (ROS); superoxide dismutase (SOD); TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43); TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1).