Figure 6.

The structural integrity of primary cilia is affected by exposure to 5% cigarette smoke extract (CSE) and rescued by exposure to 16 Hz ELF-PEMFs for 5 days and 30 min daily. (A) Primary cilia were visualized by immunofluorescence staining for acetylated tubulin (green). Nuclei were counterstained with Hoechst 33,342 (blue). Fluorescent images were analyzed with the ImageJ software, to determined (B) the amount of ciliated cells in percent and (C) the length of the primary cilia. N = 3, n = 3. Data are presented as box plots (Min to Max with single data points). Data were compared by non-parametric two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test: *** p < 0.001 as indicated.