PM exposure selectively decreased circulating EPC levels with an increased apoptosis rate in male mice. (A,C) White blood cells were stained with CD133 APC and CD34 AF700 or Sca-1 Percp and Flk-1 Apc-cy7 antibodies for flow-cytometric analysis of circulating EPCs (CD34+/CD133+) or (Sca-1+/Flk-1+), with summary data (B,D) showing that decreased levels of circulating EPCs were only observed in WT male mice with PM exposure (n = 8). (E) Annexin V and PI were used to incubate the blood cells for apoptosis analysis, which gated from EPCs (CD34+/CD133+), with summary data showing that both early (Annexin V+/PI-) (F) and late (Annexin V+/PI +) (G) apoptotic rates of EPCs in male mice with PM exposure were significantly increased as compared to the PBS control group and female mice (n = 6). MPBS: male mice with PBS treatment; MPM: male mice with PM exposure; FPBS: female mice with PBS treatment; FPM: female mice with PM exposure. ** p < 0.01 and *** p < 0.001.