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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Jul 9.
Published in final edited form as: IEEE Instrum Meas Mag. 2020 May;23(3):10.1109/MIM.2020.9082793. doi: 10.1109/MIM.2020.9082793

Fig. 8.

Fig. 8.

A Niobium based Johnson Noise Thermometry (JNT) chip. The chip generates a voltage with a power spectral density similar to a 100 Ω resistor at the temperature of the triple point of water. The US penny, which has a diameter of about 19 mm, is for scale (photo courtesy of Dan Schmidt, NIST).