Table 1.
Patient and Study Characteristics.
| Study | Year | Country | No. of Patients | Age, Years | PSA, ng/mL | Patient Population | Pre- or Post- Biopsy MRI |
Field Strength, T | n° Centers/Vendors | Reference Standard |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ROI Classification (ROI-C) | ||||||||||
| Algohary [19] | 2020 | USA | 115 | NR | NR | Biopsy proven | Pre-biopsy | 3 | 4/2 | TRUS (12-core) |
| Antonelli [20] | 2019 | UK | 134 | 64 (43–83) | 7.4 (2.5–30.3) | Clinically suspected | Pre-biopsy | 3 | 1/1 | TTMB +/− TB |
| Bonekamp [21] | 2018 | Germany | 133 | 63 (58–71) | 7.5 (5.4–11) | Clinically suspected | Pre-biopsy | 3 | 1/1 | TB |
| Dikaios [22] | 2015 | UK | 85 | 63 * (45–77) | 8.7 * (0.2–39) | Clinically suspected | Pre-biopsy | 1.5 | 1/1 | TTMB |
| Dinh [23] | 2018 | France | 129 | 67 (IQR 61–70) | 7.3 (IQR 5.1–11.5) | Clinically suspected | Pre-biopsy | 3 | 1/2 | TRUS (4-core) + TB |
| Hambrock [24] | 2013 | Netherlands | 34 | 64 * (53–74) | 7.5 * (3.4–21.8) | Biopsy proven | Post-biopsy | 3 | 1/1 | RP |
| Iyama [25] | 2017 | Japan | 60 | 70 * (55–81) | 10.4 * (5–160) | Biopsy proven | Unclear | 3 | 1/1 | RP |
| Li [45] | 2021 | China | 62 | 65 * (SD 9.4) | NR | Clinically suspected | Pre-biopsy | 3 | 1/1 | TRUS (12-core)/RP |
| Litjens [44] | 2015 | Netherlands | 107 | 66 (48–83) | 13 (1–56) | Clinically suspected ‡ | Pre-biopsy | 3 | 1/1 | TB |
| Niaf [26] | 2014 | France | 30 | 62 (45–70) | 7.4 (4.6–40) | Biopsy proven | Post-biopsy | 1.5 | 1/1 | RP |
| Niu [27] | 2017 | China | 184 | 59 (42–79) | 12.0 (4–98.3) | Clinically suspected | Pre-biopsy | 1.5 | 1/1 | TRUS (12-core) + TB |
| Transin [28] | 2019 | France | 74 | 66 (IQR, 62–69) | 7.4 (IQR 5.7–11) | Biopsy proven | Post-biopsy | 3/1.5 § | 1/1 | RP |
| Wang [29] | 2017 | China | 54 | 74 (IQR, 66–78) | 23.6 (IQR, 12.5–56.1) | Biopsy proven | Post-biopsy | 3 | 1/1 | RP |
| Winkel [30] | 2020 | Switzerland | 40 ** | 69 * (SD 8.7) † | 7 * (SD 11.2) † | Biopsy proven | Pre-biopsy | 3 | 1/1 | TRUS (12/18 core) + TB |
| Woźnicki [31] | 2020 | Germany | 40 | 69 (IQR 63–72) | 8.2 (IQR 6.8–11.9) | Clinically suspected | Pre-biopsy | 3 | 1/1 | TRUS (12-core) + TB |
| Zhong [32] | 2019 | USA | 30 | NR (43–80) † | 7.9 * (SD 12.5) † | Biopsy proven | Mix | 3 | 1/1 | RP |
| Lesion Localization and Classification (LL&C) | ||||||||||
| Cao [33] | 2019 | USA | 417 | NR | NR | Biopsy proven | Pre-biopsy | 3 | 1/1 | RP |
| Gaur [34] | 2018 | USA | 216 | 62 * (42–79) | 8.1 * (0.3–31.9) | Clinically suspected | Pre-biopsy | 3 | 5/3 | RP/TRUS (12/24-core) |
| Giannini [35] | 2017 | Italy | 89 | 67 (63–73) | 7.5 (6.2–11.0) | Clinically suspected | Pre-biopsy | 1.5 | 1/1 | TB/Saturation biopsy ^ |
| Greer [36] | 2018 | USA | 163 | 62 * (43–83) | 9.8 * (1.5–84.6) | Clinically suspected | Pre-biopsy | 3 | 1/1 | RP/TRUS (12-core) |
| Litjens [37] | 2014 | Netherlands | 347 | NR | NR | Clinically suspected | Pre-biopsy | 3 | 1/1 | TB |
| Mehralivand [38] | 2020 | Multiple | 236 | NR | NR | Clinically suspected | Pre-biopsy | 3 | 5/NR | RP/TRUS (12-core) |
| Schelb [39] | 2019 | Germany | 62 | 64 (IQR 60–69) | 6.9 (IQR 5.1–8.9) | Clinically suspected | Pre-biopsy | 3 | 1/1 | TRUS + TB |
| Schelb [40] | 2020 | Germany | 259 | 61 (IQR 61–72) | 7.2 (IQR 5.2–10.0) | Clinically suspected | Pre-biopsy | 3 | 1/1 | TB + Saturation biopsy |
| Thon [41] | 2017 | Germany | 79 | 65 * (48–80) | NR | Clinically suspected ‡ | Pre-biopsy | 3 | 1/1 | TB |
| Zhu [42] | 2019 | China | 153 | 66 (IQR 30–73) | 12.3 (IQR 7.9–21) | Clinically suspected | Pre-biopsy | 3 | 1/1 | TRUS (12/13-core) + TB |
| Patient Classification (PAT-C) | ||||||||||
| Deniffel [43] | 2020 | Canada | 50 | 64 * (SD 8.4) | 7.2 (IQR 5.2–11.2) | Clinically suspected | Pre-biopsy | 3 | 1/1 | TB +/− TRUS (12-core) |
(Age and PSA median (min-max range) reported unless stated otherwise; IQR—interquartile range; MRI—magnetic resonance imaging; NA—not applicable; NR—not reported; PSA—prostate-specific antigen; RP—radical prostatectomy; SD—standard deviation; T—tesla; TB—targeted biopsy; TTMB—transperineal template prostate-mapping biopsy; TRUS—transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy)* Mean † Includes training and test set ‡ Previous negative systematic biopsy § Only one scan using 1.5T ^ PSA and MRI surveillance were used in patients with negative mpMRI who did not undergo biopsy ** Lesions reported.