Table 2.
Cohort outcomes with comparisons between outcomes of interest at 6 months after discharge
| Outcome | Total sample (n=337) |
Poor physical function (n=77) |
Good physical function (n=134) |
P value | Chronic pain (n=77) |
No chronic pain (n=134) |
P value | Neuropathic pain likely (n=47) |
Neuropathic pain unlikely (n=164) |
P value | |
| Pre-injury | SF-12 PCS* | 46.5 (11) | 40 (11) | 50.8 (7.7) | <0.001 | 41.9 (11.4) | 49.6 (8.6) | <0.001 | 41.7 (11.5) | 48.3 (9.6) | <0.001 |
| SF-12 MCS* | 49.7 (10.7) | 48.2 (11.7) | 53.1 (7.6) | <0.001 | 49.1 (10.9) | 52.7 (8.4) | 0.009 | 48.2 (10.6) | 52.3 (9.1) | 0.009 | |
| Discharge (n=320) |
SF-12 PCS* | 27.2 (8.6) | 24.3 (7.4) | 28.4 (8.6) | 0.001 | 25.1 (8.3) | 27.9 (8.3) | 0.02 | 25.1 (8.4) | 27.5 (8.3) | 0.09 |
| SF-12 MCS* | 44.4 (11.8) | 43.5 (11.8) | 47 (11.5) | 0.04 | 46.1 (11.5) | 45.5 (11.9) | 0.76 | 42.6 (11.7) | 46.7 (11.6) | 0.04 | |
| BPI pain severity score* | 5 (2.1) | 5.3 (2.1) | 4.8 (2) | 0.10 | 5.3 (2) | 4.7 (2) | 0.06 | 5.6 (2) | 4.7 (2) | 0.009 | |
| BPI pain interference score* | 5.7 (2.3) | 6.5 (2) | 5.2 (2.4) | <0.001 | 5.9 (2) | 5.5 (2.4) | 0.18 | 6.4 (2) | 5.4 (2.3) | 0.004 | |
| PDQ: low risk† | 222 (69.4) | 48 (64.9) | 95 (73.1) | 0.42 | 47 (63.5) | 96 (74.4) | 0.075 | 24 (52.2) | 119 (75.8) | 0.006 | |
| PDQ: moderate risk† | 67 (20.9) | 18 (24.3) | 26 (20) | 22 (29.7) | 21 (16.3) | 17 (37) | 26 (16.6) | ||||
| PDQ: high risk† | 31 (9.7) | 8 (10.8) | 9 (6.9) | 5 (6.8) | 12 (9.3) | 5 (10.9) | 12 (7.6) | ||||
| 1 month (n=210) |
SF-12 PCS* | 31.6 (7.8) | 27 (6) | 33.5 (7.5) | <0.001 | 27.7 (6) | 32.9 (7.8) | <0.001 | 27.8 (5.8) | 32.1 (7.9) | <0.001 |
| SF-12 MCS* | 43.9 (11.8) | 40.8 (12.2) | 46.8 (11.2) | 0.001 | 4.07 (12.7) | 46.7 (10.9) | 0.001 | 35.6 (12.3) | 47.0 (10.6) | <0.001 | |
| BPI pain severity score* | 3.8 (2.2) | 4.7 (2.3) | 3.2 (1.9) | <0.001 | 5.2 (2) | 3 (1.9) | <0.001 | 5.5 (2.2) | 3.3 (1.9) | <0.001 | |
| BPI pain interference score* | 4.4 (2.7) | 5.6 (2.6) | 3.7 (2.5) | <0.001 | 5.8 (2.4) | 3.6 (2.5) | <0.001 | 5.6 (2.4) | 3.8 (2.4) | <0.001 | |
| PDQ: low risk† | 142 (67.6) | 39 (61.9) | 83 (73.5) | 0.14 | 34 (57.6) | 88 (75.2) | 0.005 | 14 (38.9) | 108 (77.1) | <0.001 | |
| PDQ: moderate risk† | 45 (21.4) | 14 (22.2) | 22 (19.5) | 13 (22) | 23 (19.7) | 9 (25) | 27 (19.3) | ||||
| PDQ: high risk† | 23 (11) | 10 (15.9) | 8 (7.1) | 12 (20.3) | 6 (5.1) | 13 (36.1) | 5 (3.6) | ||||
| 3 months (n=144) |
SF-12 PCS* | 40.1 (11) | 31.4 (8.8) | 44.4 (9.5) | <0.001 | 32.4 (9.1) | 43.9 (10) | <0.001 | 32.9 (8.8) | 42.1 (10.8) | <0.001 |
| SF-12 MCS* | 48.3 (11.4) | 43.1 (12.9) | 50.9 (9.7) | <0.001 | 43.1 (11.8) | 51 (10.4) | <0.001 | 40 (12) | 50.7 (10.2) | <0.001 | |
| BPI pain severity score* | 2.9 (2.6) | 4.4 (2.7) | 2.2 (2.2) | <0.001 | 5.1 (2.2) | 1.8 (2) | <0.001 | 4.8 (2.2) | 2.4 (2.4) | <0.001 | |
| BPI pain interference score* | 2.6 (2.7) | 4.4 (3.1) | 1.8 (2.1) | <0.001 | 5 (2.6) | 1.5 (2) | <0.001 | 5 (2.6) | 2 (2.4) | <0.001 | |
| PDQ: low risk† | 110 (76.4) | 28 (60.9) | 79 (83.2) | 0.012 | 23 (48.9) | 84 (89.4) | <0.001 | 9 (29) | 98 (89.1) | <0.001 | |
| PDQ: moderate risk† | 15 (10.4) | 7 (15.2) | 8 (8.4) | 9 (19.1) | 6 (6.4) | 9 (29) | 6 (5.5) | ||||
| PDQ: high risk† | 19 (13.2) | 11 (23.9) | 8 (8.4) | 15 (31.9) | 4 (4.3) | 13 (41.9) | 6 (5.5) | ||||
| 6 months (n=211) |
SF-12 PCS* | 41.7 (11.5) | 29.2 (5.1) | 48.9 (7.2) | <0.001 | 32.9 (8) | 46.8 (10.1) | <0.001 | 32.4 (8.5) | 44.4 (10.9) | <0.001 |
| SF-12 MCS* | 47.8 (11.8) | 42.3 (13.2) | 51 (9.7) | <0.001 | 39.4 (11.6) | 52.7 (8.9) | <0.001 | 36.4 (11.8) | 51.1 (9.6) | <0.001 | |
| BPI pain severity score* | 2.7 (2.7) | 4.8 (2.6) | 1.5 (2) | <0.001 | 5.8 (1.8) | 0.9 (1.1) | <0.001 | 5.4 (2.3) | 1.9 (2.3) | <0.001 | |
| BPI pain interference score* | 2.8 (2.9) | 5.2 (2.7) | 1.4 (2) | <0.001 | 5.6 (2.3) | 1.2 (1.7) | <0.001 | 6.1 (2.6) | 1.8 (2.2) | <0.001 | |
| PDQ: low risk† | 164 (77.7) | 44 (57.9) | 119 (88.8) | <0.001 | 40 (51.9) | 123 (92.5) | <0.001 | 0 | 163 (100) | <0.001 | |
| PDQ: moderate risk† | 28 (13.3) | 17 (22.4) | 11 (8.2) | 20 (26) | 8 (6) | 28 (59.6) | 0 | ||||
| PDQ: high risk† | 19 (9) | 15 (19.7) | 4 (3) | 17 (22.1) | 2 (1.5) | 19 (40.4) | 0 |
*Mean (±SD).
†n (%).
BPI, Brief Pain Inventory; MCS, Mental Component Score; PCS, Physical Component Score; PDQ, painDETECT Questionnaire; SF-12, Short Form-12 Health Survey.