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. 2021 Jun 26;22(13):6872. doi: 10.3390/ijms22136872

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Effects of sympathetic denervation in the early phase of an acute intestinal postoperative ileus model. (A) Picture of an intestinal manipulation (IM) procedure to induce postoperative ileus as a model to study the role of SNS in acute bowel wall inflammation. (B) The experimental setting for the vehicle- (white) or cSTX-treatment (red) followed by IM. (C) qPCR analysis showing the mRNA expression of prototypic pro-inflammatory markers from the small intestinal muscularis samples of vehicle- (white) or cSTX-treated (red) mice 3 h after IM (n = 6). (D) qPCR analysis showing the mRNA expression of classical anti-inflammatory markers from the small-intestinal muscularis samples of vehicle- (white) or cSTX-treated (blue) mice 3 h after IM (n = 6). Values in each column are shown as mean ± SEM, and statistical analysis was carried out by unpaired t-test (* p < 0.05) (C,D) comparing vehicle-treated mice without IM versus indicated groups. (E) The experimental setting for sorting CX3CR1+ cells from intestinal muscularis externa of the vehicle- or cSTX-treated mice 3 h after IM. (F,G) qPCR analysis from sorted CX3CR1+ macrophages of vehicle- (white) or cSTX-treated (blue) mice 3 h after IM showing the mRNA expression of (F) pro-inflammatory and (G) anti-inflammatory markers (n = 3). Values in each column are shown as mean ± SEM, and statistical analysis was carried out by unpaired t-test (* p < 0.05) (F,G) comparing vehicle-sorted macrophages (baseline) versus indicated groups.