Figure 5.

Over-expression of the constitutively active form of Akt ameliorates the inhibitory effects of acrolein on the protein expressions of GLUT4 and phosphorylated GSK3α/β in myotubes. Myotubes were transiently transfected with control pcDNA3.1 or c.a. Akt for 24 h, and then exposed to 1 μM acrolein for 24 h. The protein expressions of total GLUT4 and phosphorylated GSK3α/β were determined by Western blotting and quantified using densitometric analysis. Results are represented as means ± SEM for at least four independent experiments. * p < 0.05 versus vehicle control; # p < 0.05 versus acrolein + pcDNA3.1.