| TB | trophoblasts |
| EV | extracellular vesicles |
| HNDFs | human normal dermal fibroblasts |
| TB-CM | trophoblast-derived conditioned medium |
| TB-Exo | trophoblast-derived exosomes |
| ECM | extracellular matrix |
| MSCs | mesenchymal stem cells |
| iPSCs | induced pluripotent stem cells |
| MSC-CM | MSC-derived conditioned medium |
| qRT-PCR | quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction |
| CCK8 | cell counting kit 8 |
| MMP | matrix metalloproteinase |
| MSC-Exo | MSC-derived exsomes |
| SA-β-Gal | senescence-associated β-galactosidase |
| DEGs | differentially expressed genes |
| KEGG | Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes |
| GO | gene ontology |
| TGF-β | transforming growth factor-beta |
| TLR3 | toll-like receptor 3 |
| GDF11 | growth differentiation factor 11 |
| IL-6 | interleukin-6 |
| STAT3 | signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 |
| NF-κB | nuclear factor kappa B |
| VEGF | vascular endothelial growth factor |
| HIPK4 | homeodomain interaction protein kinase 4 |
| ESCs | embryonic stem cells |
| TSCs | trophoblast stem cells |
| UVB | ultraviolet B |
| FBS | fetal bovine serum |
| PBS | phosphate-buffered saline |